Help Aging Adults Cope with the Process Concept of Death

According to the USA QuickFacts (2014) the age of elderly people begins at the age of 65, and the U.S elderly population comprises of 13.7%. The elderly will outweigh any other aged population and it is necessary to established resources for the elderly to access. Participants will be encouraged to establish new relationships with other group members, as well as come to terms with relationships they once valued. Purpose and Rationale The purpose of this group is to help aging adults cope with the process concept of death and coping with the end of life to which an existential approach will be applied. The everyday aging adult faces many challenges that have to do with the process of aging, such as loss of certain privileges (e.g. driving), loss of vision and hearing, loss of friends and family, loss of freedom, just to name a few. One of the resources to be established is existential group counseling for the elderly. In existential group counseling, members will explore their purpose and meaning of life. The World Factbook (2014) states the average life expectancy for males is 76.19 years old, where for females it is 81.17 years old. As the elderly population increases, resources for the elderly population appear to be nonexistent when researching for programs or activities. This means people are getting older and living longer without adequate resources. â€Å"By 2025, as the U.S. elderly population nearly doubles, the number of working-age adults and children will increaseShow MoreRelatedLate Adulthood: The Areas of Development in Psychological Aspects1323 Words   |  5 Pagesproceeds towards his culmination of life span. The concept of death is deeply connected with late adulthood as it culminates the life span of an adult which is controlled and programmed naturally. As compared to past centuries, people have acquired a greater life span in recent years thanks to the treatments and diagnosis they receive on time for their certain illnesses. In the past, these facilities were n ot readily available to every senior adult as they are now. They are surviving longer becauseRead MoreWhat Changes Older Adults Have Witnessed Over Their Life Span And How Those Changes Influence Their Experience781 Words   |  4 PagesLoyola Marymount University 1) Consider what changes older adults have witnessed over their life span and how those changes influence their experience Life changes that an older adult face includes but not limited to: Physical changes, mental changes, cultural and environmental changes. These changes can make it hard for an older person to seek help due to independence, and stubbornness. Depending on the change it can cause trust issues and fear in them. 2) What are the ways you can communicate respectRead MoreAging : A Progressive Functional Decline Of The Body And Mind1320 Words   |  6 Pages Aging, is the process of growing old, it is defined as the gradual biological deterioration of normal function, as a result of changes made to the mitotic cells, post-mitotic cells, such as neurons. These changes would consequently have a direct impact on the functional ability of the major organs such as the heart, lungs and kidneys biological systems such as the nervous, digestive and reproductive system and ultimately the organism as a whole. Aging is a progressive functional declineRead MoreHuman Behavior and the Social Environment: A Look at Three Theories1301 Words   |  6 Pagespsychosocial challenge or conflict which, depending on the outcome, would help the individual experience positive growth (Coady Lehman, 2008; (Hooyman Kiyak, 2005/2011; Hutchison, 2008). The eighth stage encompasses late adulthood, where the conflict experienced is that of integrity versus despair. If an individual has experienced successful outcomes with the previous stages of life and has come to terms with their viewpoints on death, then it is hypothesized they will have ego integrity. The individualRead MorePsy 375 Paper2119 Words   |  9 PagesEnd of Life Paper Tramaine Layne PSY 375 July 23, 2012 Moriel McDuffy Late Adulthood and End of Life Paper Berger (2008) state that late adulthood, which begins at age 65, is the final stage of the life span development process that culminates through the death of an individual. During the course of the twentieth century the notion of late adulthood changed significantly (Kowalski Westen, 2009). The average person’s life expectancy increased probably by 30 years. This changed the proportionRead MorePsychosocial Development Case Study Analysis1998 Words   |  8 PagesCounselors The theory of psychosocial development created by Erik Erikson is perhaps one of the best known personality theories. The theory differs from many others in that it addresses development across the entire lifespan, from birth through death. At each stage, the individual deals with a conflict that serves as a turning point in development. When the conflict is resolved successfully, the person is able to develop the psychosocial quality associated with that particular stage of developmentRead MorePalliative Care Is The End Of Life Care1418 Words   |  6 Pagestime during which an individual copes with his or her declining health from an ultimately terminal illness, through chronic illness (Lubkin Larsen, 2012).Palliative care seeks to prevent and relieve suffering and to support the best possible quality of life for patients and their families regardless of their stage of disease (Holtz, 2012). Additionally, palliative care preserves a patient’s quality of life and provi des respite for their families. Meanwhile, the aging population faces chronic illnessesRead MoreMy Mother Who Has Played A Very Important Role Within My Life Essay1374 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Biological, psychological, and social factors act independently, cumulatively, and interactively to shape people’s lives from conception to death†(). These events shape a person’s life based on event histories, and are impacted from different periods within their lives. Cohorts, Transitions, Trajectories, Life events and Turning Points are all basic concepts of the life course perspective and can be seen as major factors in the timing of lives in individuals. In addition major themes of the lifeRead MoreThe Continuity Of Nursing Care1680 Words   |  7 Pagesfollowers. Application of concept in my current job Leadership and leadership style In my work place, influencing others to work willingly toward an organisational goal with confidence is what we are enjoying daily. The management, time people and task are interelating efficiently and that is why our leadership finds the best way to keep influencing subordinate, making good policies, rules and procedures that are somehow strict but favourable to the nurses. Which helps in guiding relationshipsRead MoreHospice Care : A Continuous Cycle Of Loss2003 Words   |  9 Pagesquality of life, but also his or her job satisfaction and work ethic. This paper provides an overview and history of hospice care, discusses risk factors for CF, and examines its effect on nurses. It concludes with recommendations for appropriate ways to cope with CF and CF’s implications for the future of hospice care. The Real Cost of Caring: Compassion Fatigue and Hospice Nursing According to Merriam-Webster (2015), the term â€Å"hospice† in a non-medical context refers

Analysis Of The Poem Bright Star - 1102 Words

The beautiful thing about poetry is a person can find oneself immersed in the words even if he or she does not know the overall meaning of the poem. Rereading the poem many times helps strike new ideas, and will help the reader to catch something in the poem that one did not catch before. This could be identifying a theme, genre, or simply identifying an interesting word. Bright Star by John Keats is a love poem that goes beyond a man just talking to and admiring a star. John Keats demonstrates the writer’s desire to live eternally with his lover through various themes and personifications that open the gates to symbolism throughout the sonnet. John Keats’ poem is a powerful sonnet that induces a lot of themes. The poem’s Different themes come out of hiding as one familiarizes oneself with the poem more. The stars isolation is introduced in line two when Keats writes, â€Å"Not in lone splendor hung aloft the night† (Keats 2). Than nature comes into play in line four. Religion devotion is hinted at multiple times throughout the poem. One could probably identify more themes because poetry is always open to interpretation. Keats’ poem shows a man’s admiration for a stars steadfastness, but does not want to watch oceans and snow for eternity, but he does want to be with his lover for eternity with as much faith as the star shows. The poem begins with Keats saying, â€Å"Bright star, would I were steadfast as thou art† (Keats 1). The writer admires the star’s steadfastness. According toShow MoreRelated An Analysis of Wilburs Mayflies Essay1590 Words   |  7 PagesAn Analysis of Wilburs Mayflies      Ã‚  Ã‚   Richard Wilburs recent poem Mayflies reminds us that the American Romantic tradition that Robert Frost most famously brought into the 20th century has made it safely into the 21st.   Like many of Frosts short lyric poems, Mayflies describes one persons encounter with an ordinary but easily overlooked piece of naturein this case, a cloud of mayflies spotted in a sombre forest(l.1) rising over unseen pools(l.2),made surprisingly attractive andRead MoreCritical Analysis of William Blakes Poem The Tiger1393 Words   |  6 PagesÐ ¨Ã £ÃÅ"ЕÐ Ã ¡ÃÅ¡ÃËœ Ð £Ã ÃËœÃâ€™Ãâ€¢Ã  Ã ¡ÃËœÃ ¢Ãâ€¢Ã ¢ â€Å"ЕПИÐ ¡ÃÅ¡ÃÅ¾ÃÅ¸ КОÐ Ã ¡Ã ¢Ã Ã Ã ¢ÃËœÃ  ПÐ  Ãâ€¢Ã ¡Ãâ€ºÃ Ãâ€™Ã ¡ÃÅ¡ÃËœÃ¢â‚¬  Ð ¤Ã °Ã ºÃ'Æ'Ð »Ã'‚Ð µÃ'‚ Ð ¿Ã ¾ Ã'…Ã'Æ'Ð ¼Ã °Ã ½Ã ¸Ã'‚Ð °Ã'€Ð ½Ã ¸ Ð ½Ã °Ã'Æ'Ð ºÃ ¸ Project title: Write a critical analysis of William Blakes poem The Tiger paying special attention to the stance of the poetic speaker Name: ИÐ ²Ã µÃ »Ã ¸Ã ½ ИÐ ²Ã °Ã ½Ã ¾Ã ² ÐÅ"Ð ¸Ã ½Ã ºÃ ¾Ã ² Faculty number: 1063 Read MoreAnnabel Lee : A Critical Analysis882 Words   |  4 PagesAnnabel Lee: A Critical Analysis â€Å"Annabel Lee† by Edgar Allen Poe is the creepy, yet interesting story of a young couple in love. With this love, they prosper through all conceivable obstacles and win against all odds. Poe uses symbols, imagery, and wordplay to make the poem great, but also to really describe the feelings the speaker has for everything in his life. Poe constantly brings up ideas multiple themes throughout the poem. He brings them up over and over again to really show how powerfulRead MoreCritical Analysis of William Blakes Poem The Tiger1378 Words   |  6 PagesÐ ¨Ã £ÃÅ"ЕÐ Ã ¡ÃÅ¡ÃËœ Ð £Ã ÃËœÃâ€™Ãâ€¢Ã  Ã ¡ÃËœÃ ¢Ãâ€¢Ã ¢ â€Å"ЕПИÐ ¡ÃÅ¡ÃÅ¾ÃÅ¸ КОÐ Ã ¡Ã ¢Ã Ã Ã ¢ÃËœÃ  ПÐ  Ãâ€¢Ã ¡Ãâ€ºÃ Ãâ€™Ã ¡ÃÅ¡ÃËœÃ¢â‚¬  Ð ¤Ã °Ã ºÃ'Æ'Ð »Ã'‚Ð µÃ'‚ Ð ¿Ã ¾ Ã'…Ã'Æ'Ð ¼Ã °Ã ½Ã ¸Ã'‚Ð °Ã'€Ð ½Ã ¸ Ð ½Ã °Ã'Æ'Ð ºÃ ¸ Project title: Write a critical analysis of William Blakes poem The Tiger paying special attention to the stance of the poetic speaker Name: ИÐ ²Ã µÃ »Ã ¸Ã ½ ИÐ ²Ã °Ã ½Ã ¾Ã ² ÐÅ"Ð ¸Ã ½Ã ºÃ ¾Ã ² Faculty number: 1063 Read MoreShe Walks in Beauty1157 Words   |  5 Pagesshades that created such an attractive woman, he wrote a poem about her in 1814 (Gamber). In Lord Byron’s â€Å"She Walks in Beauty,† motifs, personification and imagery express the theme that the combining of light and dark reflect a perfect inner and outer beauty. Lord Byron connects two pairs of motifs in â€Å"She Walks in Beauty† to establish the theme. One motif is dark and light while the other is inner and outer beauty. Throughout the poem he combines the negative and positive things of a woman andRead MoreEssay about The Tyger1558 Words   |  7 Pagesconduct a powerful meditation of whom, how, where, and how the tiger was created. And the sum of it all comes to one question, â€Å"What immortal hand or eye, [D]are frame thy fearful symmetry?† This very last line brings about the central theme of the poem being a question, who dares create humanity even though all humans have their faults, some being nefarious and some being benevolent? As presented by the speaker, there are a series of questions that are asked from the speaker to the tigerRead MoreAn Analysis of the Poem Novel by Arthur Rimbaud1151 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ An Analysis of Novel, a Poem by Arthur Rimbaud Arthur Rimbaud, a French poet, wrote the poem Novel in 1870, just prior to his sixteenth birthday. The poem is divided in four parts with eight stanzas (two stanzas each part). Each stanza contains four lines. The poem appears to be a reflection on the wonders of youth, when the world is all new. The title may be interpreted as a reference to life as a novel experience. The poem looks with innocent eyes at youthful affection, and youthful commitmentRead MoreLord Byron And William Shakespeare966 Words   |  4 Pages Poetry allows writers to express themselves through the act of writing with the usage of a few words. However, it is sometimes difficult for a reader to comprehend what the poem is trying to imply, but that is the beauty behind poetry which as a reader, one might have a different interpretations from another. In an analysis of â€Å"She walks in beauty† by Lord Byron and â€Å"Sonnet 130† by William Shakespeare, they both have a unique distinction on how t he words are used to project affections to their respectiveRead MoreSociety of Blake: An Analysis of William Blakes Most Popular Works770 Words   |  3 Pages Society of Blake (An Analysis of the Poet William Blake) William Blake is one of the greatest Romantic writers of his time period, and his works are still being read and interpreted today. He wrote in ways that had not been seen before, in two different parts. One part would be the opposite of the other, covering both sides of story and it was a very invigorating new and improved way to write, that paved the way to the future. The first passage, â€Å"The Lamb† is a very great beautifulRead More The Tiger and The Lamb Essay1223 Words   |  5 PagesThe Tiger and The Lamb The Tiger and The Lamb were both poems by William Blake. In this essay I am going to compare the two poems. Blake, as a child, was an outcast and didnt have many friends. He was educated at home by his parents and found sociability difficult. His family believed very strongly in God but did not agree with the teachings of the church. During his lonely hours, Blake often read the Bible. He had a lot of free time to think about ideas, reflect on life and to strengthen his

Fast Food Essay - 1073 Words

For nearly 100 years now the fast food epidemic has spread through the U.S like a modern day delicious plague, for which many college students have fallen victim too. Unlike the bubonic one this modern-day plague has had a positive effect on people ages 18-21 i.e college students every year there is a rise in the number of freshmen college students during the first year of college they will find out real fast home much time and dedication college requires to obtain and hold a high GPA during this period they as well will forget all hopes of eating healthy. â€Å"eat healthy feel healthy. eat bad feel bad.† A general saying about how the food quality we intake makes us feel when in reality fast food is a more convenient way to get the food†¦show more content†¦All this extra time without even considering the time out of the day that it takes to travel as well as go in a pick up everything you need Mhmmm that was some good kale†¦ said no one ever. A very important reason many college students shouldn’t eat healthy is because when we eat food that taste good, it puts us in a better mood. You could say that eating healthy makes you feel better but if that was true, no one would ever have cheat days and it wouldn’t be as hard for people to keep up their diet. When we get the time to stop somewhere like the donut store, we have a good morning and when my day starts off god, there’s much better odds It’ll be the same by the end of the day. Not a lot of people go to sleep happy when they’re on a super strict diet and one of the most important things to me is to never go to sleep mad or upset. Drive thrus are made to come and go. Making you drive into the golden arches and leave with a happy meal and a happy day.this vital in any college student life to bee happy means to live healthy even if what youre ingesting doesn’t refl ect this. Many college students are drowning in a plethora of stressful assignments so this fast fix of happiness. Instant food satisfaction is just what any student need to gain the energy back to start on there 5-page essay that is due in 3 hours. Fast food can beShow MoreRelatedFast Food Essay936 Words   |  4 PagesFood is a necessity in life. In making the right choices, we can have a healthy life. Sadly, America is not making those healthy choices. Contrary to our education and information about junk food, the fast food industry is still ever growing to this day. The fast food industry in America is an excellently funded, well-oiled machine that will not stop until we make better choices as consumers. Big business is winning, profits are garnered but unfortunately Americans are losing years of their livesRead MoreFast Food is Unhealthy Food Essay1686 Words   |  7 Pagesliterature on the causes of food poisoning is full of euphemisms and dry scientific terms: coliform leve ls, aerobic plate counts, sorbitol, MacConkey agar, and so on. Behind them lies a simple explanation for why eating a hamburger can now make you seriously ill: There is shit in the meat.†Ã‚   ―  Eric Schlosser,  Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the All-American Meal According to Morgan Spurlocks documentary  Super Size Me, one in every four Americans visits a fast food restaurant each day. AmericaRead MoreEssay on Fast Food Industry968 Words   |  4 Pagesworld has become so fast paced that everything is rushed. Almost every aspect of life has become industrialized. Food and the way it is prepared is no exception to this world that always appears to be in fast forward. The fast food industry has revolutionized how and what people eat. The public has begun to consume more fast food and the problem is that people do not know what they are eating. If the concept of a nutritious meal is thrown out the window for the convenience of fast food then the healthRead MoreThe Effects of Fast Food Essay691 Words   |  3 PagesIs fast food getting to be a problem? Many people love fast food but do not even now what it does to their body. There is getting to be more and more evidence that fast food is bad for people. Just about every day there is somebod y that is going to the hospital because of all the fast food they eat. People may not like fast food because it is unhealthy, targets children, and exploits animals. Schlosser and Wilson explain, â€Å"If you took the 13 billion hamburgers that Americans eat every year and putRead MoreFast Food Obesity Essay1165 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout the years, fast food is becoming more and more of an outlet for many people that are short on change, in a rush but still need to grab a bite to eat, or even who are just too lazy to cook a meal. Fast food is very cheap, yet when we eat it we don’t necessarily realize the price we pay when we are starting to gain weight. Who is to blame? The person that is addicted to fast food, or the fast food restaurants? I agree fast food is cheap, yet delicious. I understand that it may get addictingRead MoreThe Fast Food Industry Essays1646 Words   |  7 PagesThe dagger of the people is always twisting and changing the fast food world. Fast food itself has always been changing due to social, economic, and health concerns. To begin I will cover the origins of fast food, followed by a brief discussion about McDonalds as well as Burger King. This will be accompanied by a brief discussion on Taco Bell, with our final subject covering healthier fast food options. The origins of the fast food death machine: The machines gears were forged by the company knownRead MoreFast Food and Food Handler Wear Essay1858 Words   |  8 Pagestemperatures 2. Food cannot be refrozen once it is thawed because? Dangerous bacteria can grow on thawed food 3. What is the minimum temperature for transporting hot food and hot food holding items? 135 (F) degrees 4. The appropriate freezing method for destroying the anisakis parasite in fish is? -4 f degrees and held for 7days 5. What type of jewelry may a food handler wear while preparing food? Plain band 6. A women runs out of the bathroom in a fast food restaurant, andRead MoreFast Food Nation: The Inconvenient Truth of Fast Food Essay572 Words   |  3 Pages ‘Fast Food Nation’ by Eric Schlosser traces the history of fast food industry from old hot dog stands to the billion dollar franchise companies established as America spread its influence of quick, easy and greasy cuisine around the globe. It is a brilliant piece of investigative journalism that looks deep into the industries that have profited from the American agriculture business, while engaging in labor practices that are often shameful. In Fast Food Nation, Schlosser goes beyond the factsRead MoreEssay on Fast Food Addiction667 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Fast Food is Our New Addiction Obesity is increasing rapidly because of the fast food. Showing and telling people how unhealthy to eat the fast food is extremely hard because it is now the popular culture for the societies those are dominated by the fast food industries. High profit and low cost is the primary reason why there are many Burger Kings and McDonald’s in the world (Kenway, â€Å"Junk food: The New Tobacco†). Yet some readers may challenge my view by insisting that the fast food industriesRead MoreNutrition and Fast Food Industries Essay examples671 Words   |  3 Pages To get a feel for Peter Elbow’s â€Å"believing game,† write a summary of some belief that you strongly disagree with. Then write a summary of the position that you actually hold on this topic. Zinczenenko arguments says that fast food companies are making people fat. Fast food industry is vulnerable. They are marketing product with proven health hazards and no warning labels. It will results in to make children more sick, obese and angry. His arguments are strong enough to convince the situation according

Employee Motivation and Retention Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Employee Motivation and Retention. Answer: Introduction Employee motivation and retention is one of the critical aspects of the human resource that must be considered for the effectiveness of workers. It entails putting in place strategies that are likely to improve the worker's desire and morale to work for the company. The strategies also help the employees to increase their desire and willingness to continue working for the company. Failure to consider the motivation and retention strategy makes the company lose the maximum productivity of the workers. Besides, it makes it difficult for organizations to retain the best skill and talent in the market. This is critical and helps the organizations to gain a competitive advantage over other players in the industry (Srivastava Shailesh, 2008). Currently, most companies are making efforts to adopt the best strategies that motivate and retain the employees. There are various approaches that have been used to motivate the employees as the way to yield the best out of the available labour. The strategies revolve around their remuneration to ensure that they are well compensated and improved communication system to reduce the misunderstandings that may arise from the communication discordance due to a poor method of communication. Besides, companies are employing other strategies such training and performance appraisal system. These approaches are essential in promoting the motivation of the employees and their retention to work for the organization for a longer period (Khanna, 2008). It is vital for organizations to understand the value that comes out of the motivated workers. Some organizations fail when they view motivation strategies as the imposed unnecessary cost to the organization. Motivation strategies are not necessarily expensive, and thus, all organizations need to embrace it. In this case study, Microsoft Corporation had a good history of good relations with the employees, however, at one point the company introduced cost-cutting measures which made radical changes to the employee motivation and retention activities that had been in place for the previous years. The changes brought about many issues regarding the employee motivation. This necessitated a later human resource transformation to improve the employee motivation and retention. The Microsoft Corporation Microsoft Corporation (Microsoft) is a technology company that was formed in 1975 by William Gates and Paul Allen. The company has grown over time and is now multinational serving clients from in almost all countries of the world. During this year, the company developed the first programming language called Altair Basic which was an improvement of BASIC programming language. The language got familiarity over time and later became a standard programming language used in almost all the computers on the planet. Later in 1977, Microsoft embarked on selling FORTRAN and 1978, it sold COBOL. In the same year, 1978, the company got a chance to develop a version of BASIC for the 8086 processor after the Intel Corporation came up with a new 16-bit microprocessor (Foley, 2008). Microsoft got a significant breakthrough in the year 1980 when it got a contract with IBM to develop an operating system that IBM was about to launch to the market. Microsoft developed Q_DOS which was used in the IBM computers. The Q_DOS was later renamed to MS-DOS. This made Microsoft achieve a greater step and later specialized in the provision of the operating systems. Since then the organization has grown and released many other operating system products that serve the entire globe. It later produced the windows operating systems, providing a graphical interface for the users, which now has a substantial market share in the industry (Angelo Ricky, 2009). The growth in Microsoft reveals the strong organizational skills that the company has had through its CEO Bill Gates. The organization made a good team that delivered timely quality software products. Besides, Microsoft had an excellent organization culture that motivated the employees to deliver the best. These attributes have made the organization to stay on top of other players in the technology industry and has now remained to be the industry leader in producing the operating systems. These factors helped to get the best out of the employees through their increased performance. This, in turn, helped to improve the profitability and sustainability of the organization (Bhatnagar, 2007). Employee Motivation and Retention at Microsoft Microsoft has been known for a long period in the industry to be among the best companies that embrace the best employee motivation and retention strategies in the market. The company is known to have a strong organizational culture that attracts and retain the best talents in the market. This was among the key drivers of the success of Microsoft in the industry. Motivated employees are productive, and this directly translates to better quality and profit margins to the organization which in turn gives the company a greater competitive advantage (ACAS, 2010). The employee motivation and retention culture continued until the late 1900s when the company stated experiencing key human resource issues that affected the company in many different ways. The experts argued that the issues happened at Microsoft were mostly attributed to the fact that the company had grown and achieved more and thus forgot about the organizational culture that has been guiding it. The company had initially been active in embracing its culture that advocated and focused on various important issues. These factors included the challenging working environment, the risk-taking culture and embracing the innovative culture. The organizations ignorance of the important HR aspects in the system led to frustrations of the employees in many different ways (Berger, 2009). In the year 1999, Microsoftsmanagement decided to make a restructure in the HR practices. The company focused on bringing about changes in the HR with a vision of improving the profitability of the organization by removing some of the programs that the company believed that they should cut down the cost which will, in turn, increase the organization's profitability. Most of these programs had a negative impact on the employee motivation and thus hampered with their welfare. These factors had negative impacts on the workers whereby it reduced their motivation which in turn brought about more different issues in the organization (Gerhart, 2007). Employee Motivation and Retention Issues at Microsoft Discrimination Some employees of Microsoft experienced discrimination at the workplace. There are some African American employees were discriminated in various ways which even made them file a case in court. The case brought it out clearly that these workers were discriminated along different lines such as performance evaluation methods whereby they could not getter a higher rating during performance evaluation. They were also rejected to more top offices in the organization due to discrimination in promotions. Besides, there were many cases where the Blacks got unfair terminations of their jobs, unlike other employees. Additionally, they also felt discriminations in the compensation terms, and they argued that they were denied bonuses and other benefits that others got. The discrimination case raised the eyebrows of the organizations management, especially to the outside market. Themanagement argued that the company policies advocates for a 100% non-tolerance of racial discrimination. Therefore, this shows that in as much as the company had the policies in place to eliminate the discrimination issues, it had not adhered to it. Therefore, this bought it out clearly that this HR issue happened just because the company was reluctant to enforce its policy. It already had the laws in place but did not enforce them. Besides, some other groups of people also complained about the description. For example, the contractual employees also complained about the discrimination in a company such as failure to receive training unlike other employees (Griffin, Neal Parker, 2007). Stringent and Rough Organizations Management Microsoft has a history of being tough and strict to its employees. Microsoft faced the issue of the tough leadership which was also too strict in everything that the workers did. They were encouraged to work hard and give their best in the company. The company had an organizational culture for perfection which has been helping to achieve more. However, for the aspect of rough leadership brings about employee related issues. When the employees were subjected to strictness, such as the strict timelines and perfection, it needed a better leadership. Roughmanagement team brought about a lot of pressure to the workers and since they were forced to deliver under bad rough leadership. Risk-Taking Culture The company lost direction in the aspect of taking risks. The company no longer accommodated employee mistakes and everybody was to avoid all kind of errors that might be committed in the workplace. The employees were forced to be accountable for their actions to negative issues in the company. Every worker was liable to their mistakes that might have been committed during working. They were expected to give explanations of errors that they happen at the work place during the process of undertaking the duty and in some cases even pay for them. Such an environment made the employees fear to do activities that might impact any form of negativity to the organization. Thus, the workers reduced their innovative culture due to the fear of the risks associated with trying out things. Therefore, this lowered the productivity of the workers in the company (Wood Menezes, 2011). Management and Bureaucracy Microsoft started as a small company and was doing well with the existing management structure. This was because the management system was able to accommodate its small business. As time went by, the organization started expanding to reach various nations around the globe. The aspect of growth necessitated the entrance of new people into the management team. The new people included the managers that have been appointed d top fill the gaps that exist in the organizations. Since the company was still the market leader through it perfection culture, it gave little regard to the implications or the impact of its expansion (Gerhart, 2007). Failure to review the management structure led to increased bureaucracy in the management system of the company and this had a negative impact on the organizations performance. This made it difficult for the junior employees to be heard and most often they were disregarded. Besides, making a small change in the operations required approval level which discouraged most of the employees in airing their grievances. Managing the grown population of diverse characteristics made it necessary for the management to make it efficient reduce bureaucracy in the systems (Cosack, Guthridge Lawson, 2010). Low Competition Rate Microsoft led the technological market for an extended period. Through its perfection culture, the company was able to produce the quality and timely products that satisfied their customers. The culture gave the company a bigger competitive advantage over other industry players (Cook, 2007). When the company remained at the top, it became reluctant and believed that everything was done right there. Thus, the lack of competition affected the performance and management of the Microsoft which in turn brought about the human resource issues (Chakraborty Gupta, 2010). Strategies to Improve Employee Motivation and Retention at Microsoft Communication When Brummel assumed office, she made reforms in the communication system of Microsoft. She introduced a system that encouraged and facilitated a smooth communication system in the organization both up and down vertical communication and also the horizontal communication. She introduced various programs such as the listening tour,' where she moved from one town to the other to get have the opinions and voices of the workers especially the junior staff. The improved communication system made it easy for the organizations management to hear the grievances of the employees and thus make efforts to sort them out. Also, the improved communication system gave the management an opportunity to have the opinions and the ideas that the company can embrace for its betterment. Additionally, a good communication system helps to improve the employee motivation (Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, 2008). Workers get a sense of belonging to the organization when their views are heard and acted upon. Thus, this is one of the aspects that motivated the employees to make them more productive, which in turn increases the profitability of the organization (Cullinan, Bline, Farrar Lowe,2008). Performance Appraisal For a long time since its establishment, Microsoft has had a forced curve system which entailed ranking the employees and awarding those on top only. The forced curve system' had issues related to bias. It was subject to biases and thus, many employees felt the unfairness in the system which reduced their motivation to work for the organization. The approach denied the workers an opportunity for equal access and their rights to get the incentives or appraisals. The discrimination that exists in the method is also one of the factors that made the African American employees go to court to sue the company. Naturally, all the human beings feel good and motivated when their efforts are recognized. Brummel introduced reforms in the appraisal system from the forced ranking system to the commitment performance. The new approach eliminated the chances of bias in the appraisal system. The system does not restrict the number of people who have the opportunity to be rewarded and makes everyone a possible candidate for the reward (Incomes Data Services, 2008). Thus, it increases the equality in the systems, and some workers do not feel discriminated by the system. Therefore, the reform of the appraisal system played a critical role in ensuring that all the employees are motivated and stay willing to continue working for the organization (SUFF, 2010). Employee Benefits Microsoft made radical changes in the employee benefits as a way to curb its related issues. Some of these changes in the benefits include the inclusion in food availability, transport, child care, health benefits and other essential discounts. These benefits played a critical role in impressing the employees to get their commitment and motivation once again. The benefits made most of the employees to find working at Microsoft to be one of the best experiences and thus felt comfortable to continue working at the place (Chakraborty, 2010). Workers always feel to belong to the place and part of the organization when they receive the benefits from the company. Thus, employee benefits re critical for every business organization that seeks success. The initial state did not sufficiently consider the motivating the employees through a better motivation plan, and thus, the new approach was likely to impact positively to the motivation of the workers. It also gave Microsoft an opportunity to offer competitive salaries and benefits like other organizations. The employee benefits are one of the major employee motivation factors (Janas, 2009). An employee who receives sufficient remuneration and benefits are comfortable and have a peace of mind they are much productive. Therefore, the employee benefits reformations played a critical role in motivating and retaining the employees. Workplace Setup Microsoft introduced a new setup of the workplace as a way to make the workers feel comfortable within the working environment. The approach was creative and was one of the better ways to address the human resource issues that the organization was facing. The new creative workplace encouraged the more communication among the workers. It made the employees work from close positions which helped them to build a team which is productive to the company. This method encourages the unity and corporation of the team (Taylor, 2008). Besides, it promotes a comfortable working environment, thus increases the productivity of the workers. The introduction of the creative office setups was initially seen irrelevant and a waste of resources, however, this was not the case. The workplace environment encouraged the employees to work together and made all of them feel valuable to the organization. This was a big step towards achieving the employee motivation and retention. Besides, the new setup made the employees of Microsoft learn how to trust each other, and increase their bonding at the workplace. Thus, the new workplace designed played an important role in motivating and retaining the employees. Recommendations In as much as Microsoft is performing well towards achieving a better human resource system, there are various aspects the company should continue to focus upon as a way to motivate and retain the employees further. Firstly, there is need to adopt training and development. Employee training is one of the critical aspects that help the employees to feel comfortable and motivated to work for the organization. Workers always want growth of their knowledge and skills. The employees view companies that provide training and development programs to be the better employers who encourage their career growth in their life. Thus, it is critical for Microsoft to come up with a program that makes all the employees receive the training and development in their various job position. Secondly, it is also recommended that Microsoft integrates the best HR practices into its culture. The organizational culture is one of the most powerful aspects that help to implement the company's best practices effectively. Besides, it is also a right approach towards integrating and educating the people about the new reforms. Thus, capitalizing on the organizational culture is likely to yield more in the implementation of the changes. In its culture, Microsoft should discourage the toughness and harshness of the junior staff towards the senior ones in the company. This will relieve the workers from stress and make them more productive due to comfortable working terms. Therefore, the integration of the best HR practices into the organizational culture will be the best approach towards solving issues in the HR system of Microsoft. Conclusion In conclusion, it is clear that employee motivation and retention is one of the critical aspects the human resource of every company must embrace. Motivated employees are more productive than those who are not. Thus, this directly translates to the increased profitability of the company, which in turn gives the company a greater competitive advantage over others in the industry. There are various employee motivation and retention strategies that companies are embracing. These approaches revolve around communication, the employee remuneration, the workplace among others. It is recommended that companies also embrace training and development of the course. The best approach to implement these HR practices that encourage employee motivation and retention is through integration into the corporate culture. 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