Racism Is A Major Issue Since The Colonial Era And The...

Racism is a major issue since the colonial era and the slavery era. Heavy burden of racism in the country have fallen upon African Americans. Racism was a huge influence on the Youngster’s family in A Raisin in the Sun, written by Lorraine Hansberry. The Younger’s represent a typical African American family living in the 1950’s trying to survive in the ghetto’s south side of Chicago. This family was filled with dreams, and had a vision to progress, but there was obstacles that were interfering with the younger’s aspiration to move up the social ladder. The issues of segregation, discrimination in employment, and housing sheds light on the suffering that the Youngers faced causing their dreams to be deferred. Segregation forced the Youngers to live in a poor segregated section in the South side of Chicago, causing obstacles for the family members to progress. They lived in a cramped, roach infested apartment that was never maintained. The apartment w as clearly too small for five occupants to live in, causing discomfort and weariness between the Youngers. This was one of the conflicts that aroused in the opening scene of the play between Ruth and Walter: â€Å"Ruth: Oh, no he aint going to be getting up no earlier no such thing! It ain’t his fault that he can’t get to bed no earlier nights cause he got a bunch of crazy good- for nothing clowns sitting up running their mouths in what is supposed to be his bedroom after ten o’clock at night†¦ Walter: That’s what you mad about, ain’tShow MoreRelatedStereotypes And Generalizations Of African Americans1534 Words   |  7 PagesSince the United States’ inception, the negative stereotypes and generalizations of African Americans have been some of the worst examples of racism that has been extremely prevalent in American culture. African American stereotypes date back all the way to colonial American times, where African American slavery was considered to be accepted and practiced. Since then, black people in America have been treated horribly for stereotypes that have deep roots in the mistreatment of black people in AmericanRead MoreUnited States And Brown V Board Of Education1463 Words   |  6 Pagesracial hatred and discrimination that plagued the era the NAACP emerged. By supporting such cases such as Moore V Dempsey, Guinn V United States and Brown v Board Of Education, the group’s influence in both modern day and past civil rights movements is irrefutable. With this in mind this group has also had its pitfalls and has not always, still to this day, have the support of the entire black community for varying reasons. Marcus Garvey was a major activist voice that vehemently disagreed with theRead More African American Hardships Essay1283 Words   |  6 PagesAfrican American Hardships During pre-colonial African kinship and inheritance, it provided the bases of organization of many African American communities. African American men were recognized for the purpose of inheritance. They also inherited their clan names based on their accomplishments, as well as other things when one decease. Land was not owned in many parts of Africa during the pre-colonial period. It was yet held and distributed by African American men. Access to the land by women dependedRead MoreAfrican American Hardships1306 Words   |  6 PagesDuring pre-colonial African kinship and inheritance, it provided the bases of organization of many African American communities. African American men were recognized for the purpose of inheritance. They also inherited their clan names based on their accomplishments, as well as other things when one decease. Land was not owned in many parts of Africa during the pre-colonial period. It was yet held and distributed by African American men. Access to the land by women depended on their obligations orRead More Cuban Race Relations Essay2599 Words   |  11 PagesCuban society ever since the advent of the Colonial institution of the plantation system. Thus, in order to acquire some understanding of Cuba’s dynamic race relations one must study and investigate the evolution of racial tensions and the quintessential impact that the revolution of 1959 had on Cuba’s social structure. II. The Impact of Spanish Colonialism in Cuba: Legitimizing Racial Schism- The specter of colonial repression, imposed by the institutions of slavery and the plantationRead MoreChange: Racial Tensions Since Obama’s Presidency1402 Words   |  6 PagesRacial tensions are a prominent issue in today’s society. Barack Obama being the first elected African American president has led America to a cultural evolution. As our country grows in diversity everyday it is important for citizens to recognize the change in racial tensions across the nation. Racial tension has always existed, especially here in the South, but it has changed particularly during Obama’s presidency. Racial tensions have changed in both positive and negative ways that affect everyoneRead MoreRace, Race And Racism Essay1396 Words   |  6 PagesProject Description: This project is comprised of rhetorical commentary overview, that is used to examine and develop a better understanding of the terms, race and racism in society (critical race theory) (Stefancic and Delgado 1995, 177). By using the critical race theory and examining incidents of police misconduct, this will determine whether or not race plays a crucial factor. Additionally, this project encompasses a vast knowledge of the criminal justice system and the police departments ofRead MoreThe Immigration Of The United States Essay2299 Words   |  10 PagesImmigration in the United States has had a contentious history since this country’s first settlers, with overtly exclusive and xenophobic policies being de rigueur throughout colonialism until the mid 20th century, and arguably today. Anti-immigrant sentiment has reigned with each historical immigration wave, intensifying as the demographics shifted from Northern and Western Europeans during Colonialism to more â€Å"unassimilab le† races like Southern and Eastern European, Asian, African and Middle EasternRead MoreRace And American Culture : The Problem Of Race1338 Words   |  6 PagesAmerica there are different cultures. Each culture has its advantages and disadvantages. The current problem or issue is on the problem of race in American culture. The history and the effects of race, and analyzes why people think about race as a problem in American culture and why it has to be addressed. The issue of race is a vice that existed in America since the slave and colonial era. It resulted into the practice of racial discrimination in which White Americans had more legal privileges thanRead MorePast Influences that Marked Brazils Contemporary Society1679 Words   |  7 Pages This paper analyzes aspects of Brazil’s colonial history that has influenced contemporary societies. It also describes and critiques measures that have recently been implemented by the Brazilian government in attempt to curb the further deterioration of society. In Brazil’s society, neoliberal and capitalist beliefs within the social structure have hindered democratic politics. Diverse social groups are unable to come together and exert their political power as a united front, instead, the neoliberal

Poverty Is A Hot Topic On The Current World Of Politics

Fidele Mugalu Instructor Name Class Name and Section Number November 11, 2015 Growing in Poverty Poverty is currently not a hot topic in the current world of politics. Every candidate wants to tackle the upper or the middle class and often forget about those living in poverty. Poverty can affect anyone and effect everyone in our society. One may wonder what poverty is and why poverty is a big issue or does it have a large impact on our societies. Webster’s dictionary defines poverty as the state of one who lacks a usual or socially acceptable amount of money or material possessions. In a world that is full of the latest and the most advanced possessions and technologies to enhanced our way of life, it seems that there is a remedy for almost anything that you can imagine. However, when it comes to someone living in poverty, the access to these things and the necessities of life are not readily available. When one does not have the necessities to live in a socially acceptable environment it causes lack in the areas of childhood development and education, nutrition and hea lth, and economic development. Families that live in poverty don’t have access to the education for a various reasons. Although transportation is provided by schools, parents lack the ability to provide resources for the child to attend school, such as, food, clean clothes and school supplies. Education is very important in childhood development. In a recent article, Edward Kennedy states, â€Å"Young childrenShow MoreRelatedThe Asian Economy1443 Words   |  6 PagesGross Domestic Product and purchasing power parity in the world. China is the largest economy in Asia and the second largest economy in the world. Besides, Asia is the site of some of the world’s longest economic booms, beginning from the Japanese economic miracle (1950-1990), Miracle of the Han River (1961-1996) and South Korea economic growth (1978-2013) in China. Since the shift of the century, the economy of Indonesia was one of the worlds best and most consistent. Since 2001, the country has hadRead MorePolitics Is More Difficult Than Physics1568 Words   |  7 PagesEinstein, a world-renowned physicist, once stated, â€Å"politics is more difficult than physics.† This statement at first sounds surprising considering how difficult many concepts in physics are. However, physics often has a concrete answer while politics doesn’t. Politics is such a difficult concept because it involves human beings who are more often than not bias and irrational. Politics, being a contested concept, has a wide range of definitions. There is no simple answer to the question what is politicsRead MoreIncome Inequality and Society1028 Words   |  5 Pagespeople might wonder, if this is true only at a local level, then how is income inequality growing nationally? To answer this question, rich people are gaining even more wealth at a national leve l while people that are poor are falling deeper into poverty at a local level (â€Å"US Income inequality†). According to Robert Lieberman, during 2009 the income of the top 5% families went up while everyone elses’ incomes plummeted, on average. Counteracting that, during the recession the wealthiest got evenRead MorePersonal Autobiography and My Similarities with Characters from Hispanic American Novelists2062 Words   |  9 Pageseyes we are all the same, despite the excess or lack of melanin present in our most superficial layer. I will not deny that racism is not a current day issue, and that some people will not look past what meets the eye and accept people for who they truly are. But to solely blame ones race for life’s struggles and an underprivileged life is unrealistic in the current day United States society that is becoming ever more racially homogenous. Is race really the blame for an underprivileged life, or is itRead MorePro Life And Pro Choic e1649 Words   |  7 Pages Based on the points I explored, the pro-choice arguments are stronger than pro-life arguments. Most of both groups arguments comes from peer-reviewed researches from well-known sources to support each individual concept. Effects on women,socio-politics, and fetus are some of the main point of conflicts between the pro-life and pro-choice advocates. Pro-life activist argue that abortion leaves women suffering psychological and physical damage. 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It is a hot topic in labor, human interest, and especially in economics. Is the minimum wage too low? Is it too high? Should we have one at all? Does having a minimum legal wage help those who it is intended to help, or does it actually make them worse off? ThesesRead MoreEssay A Look into Mali, West Africa3402 Words   |  14 Pagesabout this diverse country. Mali is the largest country located in West Africa, but also the most indigent and the fourth poorest country in the world. Mali is landlocked being surrounded by seven other countries: Algeria, Ivory Coast, Niger, Burkina, Faso, Senegal, and Mauritania. Through my interview with Kenny Kane I found that the climate is very hot and dry. Mali basically has 2 seasons, dry and rainy. During the dry season, which occurs from February to June, the temperatures are regularlyRead MorePro Choice And Women s Rights Essay3415 Words   |  14 Pagesand post abortion care, without considering women’s socio-economic reasons, private decision or the simple fact that a woman should be able to decide for herself without the government dictating over her body. This paper attempts to analyze the current Pro-Choice movements and its impact in society, and the benefits of proposing policy amendment that would seek extension of insurance coverage for abortion procedures in the United States, and to ensure the Reproductive Care Act and the AffordableRead More Neocolonialism in Jamaica Essay6862 Words   |  28 PagesNeocolonialism in Jamaica: History, practices, and resistance â€Å"The imposition of structural adjustment programs in the Third World since the 1970s has been characterized as a war against the poor, a process of [neo] recolonization† (Turner, 1994: 37). This statement is particularly applicable to the country of Jamaica. The island has been susceptible to a variety of neocolonial acts including the presence of multinational corporations, structural adjustment programs, and loan organizations

Tennessee Williams Research Paper Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Tennessee Williams Research Paper Essay, Research Paper Tennessee Lanier Williams was born on March 26, 1911 in Columbus, Mississippi. He was the 2nd kid of Cornelius Coffin and Edwina Dakin Williams. The household lived in Clarksdale, Mississippi for some clip before traveling to St. Louis in 1918. At 16 he won 3rd award for an essay he wrote and received $ 5. One twelvemonth subsequently he published # 8220 ; The Vengeance of Nitocris # 8221 ; in Weird Tales. Tennessee entered the University of Missouri in 1929. There he became interested in playwriting. In 1931 he began work for a St. Louis shoe company. Six old ages subsequently his first drama, Cairo, Shanghai, Bombay, was produced get downing his literary and stage calling. Tennessee died February 25, 1983 in New York City. Tennessee Williams was a playwright. His dramas revealed the universe of human choler within which force and sex are hidden by sexual polish. Small theatre groups have produced some of his work while he was in college. We will write a custom essay sample on Tennessee Williams Research Paper Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In 1939 his first acknowledgment came with American Blues. This work was a group of one-act dramas. They won the Group Theater award. After the success of The Glass Menagerie in 1944 Tennessee became a full clip author. Tennessee # 8217 ; s following major drama was A Streetcar Named Desire written in 1947. This was a Pulitzer Prize winning work. It is the survey of the mental and moral ruin of Blanche Du Bois. She was a former Southern bell, whose polite pretences were no lucifer for the rough worlds her brother-in-law, Stanley Kowalski symbolizes. In 1953 Williams wrote Camino Real a fabulous work about a microcosmic town. This work was a commercial failure. However, Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, in 1955, was awarded a Pulitzer Prize and successfully filmed. The Night of the Iguana in 1961, about a curate turned sleazy circuit usher who finds God in a Mexican hotel, was besides successful. After a physical dislocation in 1969, Williams # 8217 ; later dramas were unsuccessful. This was due to bad reappraisals. He besides wrote two novels, The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone in 1950 and Moise and the World of Reason in 1975. Tennessee Williams # 8217 ; works won 4s Drama Critics # 8217 ; awards and were translated to linguistic communications around the universe. His play represent the purdah and withdrawal of life.

Workforce Planning - State of New York free essay sample

A guide to work force and succession planning for New York state agencies Orla Spetrini February 5, 2012 The Workforce Matters guide for New York State agencies is a very valuable guide and relevant in 2012. It provides insight into the agency staff by recognizing the aging workforce and upcoming retirement; it recognizes the knowledge, experience and institutional memory that will leave the company once these long term employees leave. The plan addresses the changing demographic of its customers and the potential need for â€Å"new methods of service delivery and a workforce that reflects its customers†. They did not make the mistake of trying to solve staffing problems across the entire agency, but chose only those areas that they knew would have â€Å"considerable change in services delivered and the way in which they were delivered†. The agency also created â€Å"What If† scenarios by viewing the process through a narrow scope and broad scope. The agency has a wide range of occupations including information technology, accounting/auditing, nursing, other health care professions, teaching and engineering. We will write a custom essay sample on Workforce Planning State of New York or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It recognizes the decline in the pool of candidates ages 25-44. In today’s economy competition is ever increasing and not only sourcing and filling the positions will be a challenge but also providing enough incentive for those new hires to remain at the agency over the long term.

How Green of a Traveler Am I

Man on Wire is a documentary based on Philippe Petits emotional and physical journey as a tightrope walker Essays

Man on Wire is a documentary based on Philippe Petits emotional and physical journey as a tightrope walker Essays Man on Wire is a documentary based on Philippe Petits emotional and physical journey as a tightrope walker Essay Man on Wire is a documentary based on Philippe Petits emotional and physical journey as a tightrope walker Essay Documentary filmmaking was created to provide objectivity, authenticity and truthfulness on a particular subject matter something first seen in movies such as Nanook of the North, Robert Flaherty. Man on Wire is a documentary based on Philippe Petits emotional and physical journey as a tightrope walker whose sole dream was to achieve the impossible and walk across the two world trade centers. Its subject matter aside, what is particularly interesting about this documentary is the fact that it does not follow all of the typical documentary film conventions that we see in a vast number of Michael Moore films for example. Accuracy is often a critical factor in documentary films, clichà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½d by unsteady, handheld camera shots, cramped framing (the rule of thirds is often entirely ignored) and the utilization of natural lighting is employed. Often times the use of diagetic sound is entirely natural as well, in particular Nick Bloomfields Biggie and Tupac where which we notice the natural sound runs out and is looped on several instances. However, Man On Wire focuses more on versimilitude as opposed to accuracy itself, where fear is intensified to a whole new level and the camera recreates frantic movements, unlike conventional documentary filmmaking. Documentarians often go to great lengths to convince us that the footage is real and unaltered in anyway, although editing and voiceover can affect the reality we, as viewers, see. To aid authenticity and to add further information, the use of recreated events and scenes is used in Man On Wire as obtaining archives and footage of the event was diffic ult. In this way, Man On Wire does not follow this in the sense that the events are artifice; the music is greatly exaggerated, diagetic sounds are heightened to create fear and suspense and there are actors recreating events. Most would agree that films such as Spurlocks Supersize Me would easily fit under the documentary film genre as it follows many of the documentary film conventions, however, there are several scenes in which the use of childish music totally undermines the McDonalds Corporation. This technique is similarly, and unconventionally, used in Man On Wire. Other ways in which Man On Wire doesnt follow conventional film documentary styles is the fact that a particular mood and tone is created and enhanced. It can be perceived as Avant-garde to a certain extent through its innovative and experimental ways pushing the boundaries so to speak.

Operational Management - ASOS online clothing (logistics) Assignment

Operational Management - ASOS online clothing (logistics) - Assignment Example The findings showed that the performance of any company entirely depends on the Operation Management (OM) frameworks of that particular company therefore the researcher gave a way forward of improving the performance of ASOS considering OM Issues. Table of Contents Abstract 1 Table of Contents 2 ASOS Online Clothing 3 Introduction 4 1. SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT FOR ASOS 4 Problem with Positioning the Firm in the Supply Chain 4 Problem in the Environment of Supply Chain 5 Logistical Problems at ASOS 5 Unrelated Trade-off Elements 6 SOLUTION 1 6 2. CONNECTIONS BETWEEN STRATEGY AND OPERATIONS 8 Functional Areas for ASOS 8 SOLUTION 2 9 The ‘Operation’ at ASOS 9 The ‘Strategy’ for ASOS (Market Entry) 11 Beyond immediate boundaries of the firm are other parties with a direct connection with the businesses’ OM. Amongst these stakeholders, the most important of all are the customers. Customers have a number of interests in the activities of a business. These in terests can only be enhanced by an effective operation system of the business. Service, Availability, Price, Reliability are some of the issues that are concerned with the operations management of every company. The supply chain elements affect customers directly and indirectly. Shareholders and employees also contribute and provide support to the company whenever called upon; therefore, in order for the ASOS Company to maintain good relations with them it should be able to meet stakeholder needs. This ability cannot be accomplished without an effective OM system that will implement strategic and tactical operations that will ensure stakeholders needs have been met (Ashman, & Vazquez, 2012, p.975 – 996). 12 Conclusion 12 Reference 13 Cooper,  R.G.  (1999), â€Å"The Invisible Success Factors in Product Innovation.† The Journal of Product Innovation Management, 6 p. 1–17 14 ASOS Online Clothing Introduction Founded June 2000, ASOS Online Clothing is one of th e leading online-only fashions store in the UK. With revenue of ?753 million and a net income of ?29 million per annual, has kept ASOS on top of their game as the largest online fashion retailer. The company sells branded women and menswear including jewellery, footwear, and accessories. ASOS online clothing, just like any other industry, has adopted the various Operations Management (OM) characteristics for the sake of the smooth running of the business. This report seeks to investigate theoretical cases, problems and peculiarities in relation to the Operational activities of ASOS online clothing industry. 1. SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT FOR ASOS ASOS online clothing is an online store; it automatically qualifies as a global industry since the internet is accessible globally. The Company has adopted a few aspects regarding to logistics and its operations systems. As an international product distributor, it has embraced logistical activities that have gained them a global strategic suppl y chain advantage. However, there are peculiarities that hinder the operations supply chain as the industry grows (Inkpen, 1998, p.2–30). Problem with Positioning the Firm in the Supply Chain ASOS Company relies entirely on ‘

Ohio Prison's Reform Plans and Recidivism Research Paper

Ohio Prison's Reform Plans and Recidivism - Research Paper Example Ohio has a record of being the highest state having a huge number of prisoners and maintaining a larger number of people who are into the prisons. The state has been effectively planning their reform programs and maintaining a proper system of taking reformative programs but it has been a failure at large. The reformative measures are highly affected by the increasing rate of recidivism among the prisoners. Review of the available structures reflects on the failure of the reformative actions that are being taken within the jurisdiction of Ohio. However, the changing needs of the society maintaining an effective system is one of the major needs of development and enhancing the overall approach of jurisdiction. Commendably, the state has incorporate effective measures to enhance the prominence of the same and develop the overall security that is prominent. Notably, with the effective enhancement of the different needs of developing a proper plan has in turn enhanced the value of the overall need for development of prisoners. Furthermore, to reduce the chances of recidivism the jurisdiction system that is prominent in Ohio is enhancing its individual capacity to perform and develop the overall system of jurisdiction. Prison Reform plans acts as a sole development that could be incorporated within the system, ensuring a prospective projection of different social development initiated by any state or secular republic to develop the transparency of the jurisdiction and ensures that larger number of people are incorporated within the society. Reform programs are most important for a country to ensure that more people are able to lead a normal life by developing their ability to work and live as normal citizens. Mostly all the countries of the nations are inclined towards developing a pilot plan that would successfully meet the essentials to get back to the mainstream society. With the effective development of

Age of Enlightenment Essay Example for Free

Age of Enlightenment Essay In his essay ‘What is Enlightenment?’ Immanuel Kant discusses the nature of Enlightenment and how it can be brought to the general public. According to Kant, â€Å"Enlightenment is man’s release from his self-incurred tutelage.† By this, Kant means that Enlightenment is when one man is able to make use of his understanding without guidance from another man. Kant sees an Age of Enlightenment as a time when the human society can be liberated from their nature of discharge, which is a need for someone to be their director. However, Kant also states that we have a natural need for tutelage when we are young, and that it is perfectly all right. In addition, after nature discharges us of this need, we should activate our rational ability. Enlightenment according to Kant is the progress of a society through free activity of rational thought and intellectual assessment. In an Enlightened Age, the public would be able to manage their given freedoms with competence. However, Kant claims that we do not live in an ‘Enlightened Age’; rather, we live in an ‘Age of Enlightenment.’ By this statement, he means that an Enlightened Age would be an age where we have overcome all self-incurred tutelage. An Age of Enlightenment is the current age, where we have not overcome all self-incurred tutelage, but where we have begun to activate our own powers of reason and have begun to make progress through critique. Also in his essay, Kant distinguishes between the public and private use of reason. He states that ‘the public use of one’s reason must always be free and it alone can bring about enlightenment among men.’ In saying this, the author views public usage of reason as for the purpose of progress. Kant regards the private use of reason as ‘that which one may make of it in a particular civil post or office which is entrusted to him.’ In other words, the philosopher explains the private use of reason as a rational worker in a specific occupation. In my opinion, Kant was a great thinker. I could not argue with his supporters that claim that he is the last philosopher. Reading this clip of his beliefs, I think that Kant makes a great point. I agree that for the human race to be considered enlightened we will need to avoid the natural urge to want to not feel alienated. Humans are generally a dependant species, needing company or some sort of contact with other humans. Along with this, we usually do not want to feel different and hence, we sometimes model our actions after what we see others do. In conclusion, Immanuel Kant’s essay, ‘What is Enlightenment?’ describes the time we are living in as an Age of Enlightenment, not an Enlightened Age. Kant also theorizes that to be in the ideal Enlightened Age, society will have to make irrational thoughts and actions obsolete. Society will need to make decisions after careful study of the possible outcome and effects their choices may cause. Bibliography: Essay what is enlightenment? by Immaneul kant

Theories for Causes of Aggressive Behaviour

Theories for Causes of Aggressive Behaviour Compare and contrast social and biological accounts of the causes of aggressive behaviour. Aggression is defined as: (a) ‘a quality of anger and determination that makes you ready to attack other people’; (b) ‘violent and attacking behaviour’ (Collins, 2003). Whereas love, friendship and affiliation are positive, adaptive and constructive social influences, aggression is associated with violence, antisocial behaviour and destruction. Examples of aggressive behaviour range from arguments, to road rage, terrorism and war. Aggression then is physical or verbal behaviour that is intended to harm another person. This work examines aggressive behaviour in terms of biological and social-learning processes providing theoretical and research evidence. Ethologists like Konrad Lorenz (2002) have identified several human behaviours, including aggression, that allow animals to gather and keep the fundamental resources for survival, mating, reproducing and caring for children. Discovering, taking and holding a territory provides the background on which the life cycle occurs. Many animals engage in territorial signalling to defend their territory mostly for mating and feeding purposes. Territorial signalling is adaptive because it prevents potentially destructive aggressive behaviours. The majority of animal aggression is due to mating, therefore, natural selection predisposes animals towards aggressive behaviour. Male and female animals compete for mates and patterns of sexual behaviour help us understand various form of aggressive behaviour. Nevertheless, psychologists disagree about which of these biological inferences of other animals are relevant to humans. Evolutionary psychologists claim that they do apply to humans and postulate that territorial behaviour exists both in humans and in animals for the same reasons (Barkow, Cosmides Tooby, 1992). Most adults attempt to restrict their mate’s sexual activities, using territorial signalling and emotional displays. For example, jealousy and aggression during courtship and mating are seen in arguments (territorial signalling) and physical fighting (when signalling fails). This is obvious in that men in many cultures and subcultures continue to think of their wives as property – part of the territory they defend. Furthermore, comparison studies of identical twins that were brought up together and apart reveal a genetic effect on aggression. Twin studies (Miles Carey, 1997; Rowe, Almeida Jacobson, 1999) and the existence of gender differences (Buss Perry, 1992; Loeber Hay, 1997) support the idea that genes predispose a person towards being aggressive. The presence of the male hormone testosterone is also related to aggression. Laboratory experiments with mice and monkeys have shown that castration both lowers the levels of testosterone and aggressive behaviour. Contrary, the administration of testosterone to castrated animals and normal animals increase aggressive behaviour. Moreover, males who have been imprisoned for violent crimes and who are more violent than others while imprisoned, have higher testosterone levels than less violent prisoners (Dabbs, Carr, Frady Riad, 1995). In order to be able to decide effectively whether children learn aggressive behaviour, the theories of aggression which claim that it is an innate capacity will be considered. The view that aggression is innate comes from the fact that few parents actually teach their children to be aggressive. However, Bandura’s (1971) early work indicated that children who have seen another person behaving aggressively will be increasingly likely to demonstrate aggressive behaviour. Later he proposed that aggression is actually something we learn to demonstrate because it seems to be useful to us. The likelihood of children imitating the behaviour will increase if they see the person being rewarded (reinforced) for their aggression by getting what they want. For example, a child who has become a very aggressive bully at school because he has learned that he will get what he wants. Where has he learned to be aggressive? Bandura (1971) argues that children learn by seeing others behaving aggre ssively during their childhood, or adolescence, through their own experience of being bullied or through observation of the media. Knowing that we learn by observation is relevant to what we see on television. A number of studies have been conducted to discover whether television and cinema violence really does result in violent behaviour. Bandura (1971) reported that children who watched a video of other children punching an inflated stand-up toy (a ‘Bobo doll’) were more likely than others to behave in the same way when given the opportunity. In a follow-up to Bandura’s studies, children who watched ‘Mighty Morphin Power Rangers’ later imitated these character’s Karate kicks and mimicked their violent acts during play sessions with peers (Boyatzis, Matillo Nesbitt, 1995). Considering boys play which tends to include wrestling and fighting, Geary (1999) has claimed that play patterns represent an evolved adaptation that prepares boys for hunting and primitive warfare. Several researchers have reported short-term effects of television violence: young children (Singer Singer, 1986) and adolescents (Wood et al., 1991) behaved more aggressively immediately after watching a violent TV program. The causes of their immediate changes in behaviour were probably a result of heightened arousal and desensitisation from repeated viewings (Gunter McAleer, 1990). Overall, however, research results have been equivocal, suggesting to some psychologists that TV violence may cause less harm than first suspected (McGuire, 1986). Furthermore, environmental influences have been viewed as determinants of aggression. According to the frustration-aggression hypothesis, a person is more likely to become aggressive when frustrated; therefore, aggression is a predictable response to frustration (Dollard, Doob, Miller, Mower Sears, 1939). This theory, though, by itself does not predict aggressive behaviour but, for example, hot weather makes people uncomfortable and this result into some people behaving aggressively. Triandis (1994) claimed that the relationship between heat and violence is confounded by the gap between rich and poor and by single parent families. On the whole, research evidence supports that both biological and social learning approaches explain aggressive behaviour as internal and external influences respectively. Twin studies and differences in the way boys and girls play indicate a strong biological foundation for aggressive behaviour. People with higher levels of testosterone are more aggressive than those with lower levels. In addition, heat, poor economic conditions and TV violence are all associated with increases in violent behaviour. Nevertheless, it has been argued that some cultures are more aggressive than others. A person is 80 percent less likely to be murdered in Canada than in the United States (United Nations, 1997). The socio-biological approach postulates that genes interact with culture to produce unique examples of aggressive behaviour. References Bandura, A. (1971). Social learning theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Boyatzis, C. J., Matillo G.M. Nesbitt, K. M. (1995). Effects of the ‘Mighty Morphin Power Rangers’ on childrens aggression with peers. Child Study Journal, 25, 45-55. Buss, A. H. Perry, M. (1992). The aggression questionnaire. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 42-459. Collins, Cobuild (2003). Advanced learners English dictionary. Glasgow: HarperCollins Publishers. Cosmides, L. Tooby, J. (1992). Cognitive adaptations for social exchange. In J. Barkow, L. Cosmides, J. Tooby (Eds.), The adapted mind: Evolutionary psychology and the generation of culture. New York: Oxford University Press. Dabbs, J. M., Carr, T. S., Frady R. L . Riad, J. K. (1995). Testosterone, crime and misbehaviour among 692 male prison inmates. Personality and Individual Differences, 18, 627-633. Dollard, J., Doob, L.W., Miller, N. E., Mower O.H. Sears, R. R. (1939). Frustration and aggression. New Haven: Yale University Press. Geary, D. C. (1999). Evolution and developmental sex differences. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 8, 115-120. Gunter, B. McAleer, J. (1990). Children and television: the one-eyed monster. London: Routledge. Konrad, L. (2002). Man Meets Dog. London: Routledge. Loeber, R. Hay, D. (1997). Key issues in the development of aggression and violence from childhood to early adulthood. Annual Review of Psychology, 48, 371-410. Miles, D. R. Carey, G. (1997). Genetics and environmental architecture of human aggression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 207-217. Rowe, D. C., Almeida D. M. Jacobson, K. C. (1999). School context and genetic influences on aggression in adolescence. Psychological Science, 10, 277-280. Singer, J. L. Singer, D. G. (1986). Family experiences and television viewing as predictors of children’s imagination, restlessness and aggression. Journal of Social Issues, 42, 7-28. Triandis, H. C. (1994). Culture and social behaviour. New York: McGraw-Hill. United Nations (1997). Information. United Nations Statistics Division. Available: http://unstats.un.org/unsd/default.htm Wood, W., Wong, F. Chachere J. G. (1991). Effects of media violence on viewer’s aggression in unconstrained social interaction. Psychological Bulletin, 109, 371-383.

African Americans in Pop Culture Essay

African Americans have had an incredible lasting impression on popular culture. African American singers, artists, entrepreneurs, athletes and actors have all had their say and have really stood out within the past few years. They’ve also grown and not grown in different ways all around from music, to television, to movies. African American stereotypes still exist in all aspects of pop culture, while many are trying to get away from what audiences assume is the typical black person. African Americans have been fighting for and against their own stereotypes when they started breaking out into music, then branching out into television, and making it big in the film industry. They’ve gone from being the dumb, uneducated, and underprivileged minority of America, and have started to make themselves more known as gang bangers and thugs, which are often seen as heroes in popular culture. African Americans haven’t only made a name for themselves or left a footprint in only their culture, but in American culture all around. African Americans have been making their mark in music all throughout history. Many started with the jazz and bebop rebellion during the 1940s and ’50s in Detroit. They made their point by trying to be different. They didn’t want to follow the typical white, swing music criteria, and that’s exactly what happened. Bebop wasn’t so mainstream, and that’s what made it their own. They preferred small, unique combos to play instead of big named stars in the music industry. Detroit was shedding light on the working class people of the town and wanted to really make a sound for them. â€Å"The 1940s created an â€Å"afro-modernism,† a response to the urbanization, industrialization, and modernization of African American Culture. † Because of their movement ahead in music, they also made their movement in business. And so emerged an incredibly successful, black capitalist enterprise, Motown Records, founded by Barry Gordy. Along with the movement in Detroit, the Harlem Renaissance had happened even before all the rage for jazz and bebop, which raised awareness to the visual arts, which led to even more developments in music. And even earlier at the beginning of the 20th century, blacks were starting to be accepted into acclaimed schools to study music and they were allowed to join the base of white people in symphony orchestras. During the ’50s, doo-wop and soul music became popular. That’s when legends like Ray Charles emerged and paved the way for others. Soul music remained popular among blacks for long after the pop sounds started to wave through. By the end of the decade and moving into the ’70s, blacks were starting to crossover into the typical white music trends. Psychadelic music had become popular. Jimi Hendrix, along his wah-wah pedal innovation, became one of the most popular guitarists during the era. Right after that, soul had become the popular music in the black community and was starting to revolutionize African-American music. Soul had continued success in popularity during the ’70s, but the ’70s also brought along a rise in black bands. White people were listening to country, disco, and all sorts of rock music, while the African-Americans had their funk, pop, soul, and jazz music that was on a totally different spectrum from their white counterparts. The ’70s was also when Djs started mixing their own beats and playing their funk records the way they wanted to so they could get their audience to dance. And with the beats produced by Djs along with the poets who would read their poems to those beats, came the emergence of hip hop music. The era of hip hop music was a new revolution in African American popular culture.

My apartment Essay

When I was younger, I fantasized about how wonderful life would be when I moved into my own apartment. Now I’m a bit older and wiser, and my dreams have turned into nightmares. My apartment has given me nothing but headaches. From the day, I signed the lease; I’ve had to deal with an uncooperative landlord, an incompetent janitor, and inconsiderate neighbors. First of all, my landlord has been uncooperative since the first day I came to that apartment. As promised, I arrived there at 3 p.m. sharp but he leisurely came there one hour late with depressed looking faces. Then he immediately started to give tour in the apartment and explained a little bit about the rent. After that, he impatiently asked for a deposit even though I’m still touring the apartment for any deficiency in the apartment. At that time I noticed that the flush in the toilet is not functioning and asking him to repair it but him keep insisting me to pay for the deposit first. Thus with an irritating voice, I said to him that he really needs to repair it and I can see his brows frowned. It’s been two months I stayed there, yet no plumber ever came to my apartment and another problem followed in which the air- conditioner started making noise and in the end it broke down. I called and emailed him but there’s no reply at all, so I went straight to his house. Surprisingly, he was there laughing with his friends and my anger cannot hold anymore, so I shouted furiously about the problem happened in the apartment. After a few days, a plumber came and the air – conditioner has been fixed. I’ve had a problem not only with my landlord but also with an incompetent janitor who is a middle-aged man. My first impression toward him is already bad, for he just came to my apartment without brought any equipment to clean the apartment. Not to mention that he used the whole bottle of the cleaning product just to clean the small apartment. I can a ccept if my apartment will be shining but the thing is that I can still see muck in my toilet, dust under my sofa and dirt in my kitchen. There’s one time when he actually made my apartment like his own house. He would laid-back on my sofa and talk with his friends on the phone, watch television and eat my food in the refrigerator without my permission. The intolerable thing I can’t accept is that he thinks himself a plumber by fixing my kitchen’s sink and in the end my sink becomes worse. It has cost money for the sink to be functioning again. Perhaps the worst problem has  been with the inconsiderate neighbors who live in the apartment above me is that they think they own the whole apartment. Even with problem occurred in the apartment and at work, I still felt that my apartment is my heaven but the peaceful moment do not last longer when they moved in the apartment above me after five months I stayed there. Then at that time my dream turned into my worst nightmares in which music being played loudly at 3 a.m. and drums being played deafeningly and people talking boisterously. Sometimes I noticed that my balcony full of dust even when the janitor came to clean my apartment. I assumed that maybe the janitor didn’t sweep the balcony properly but it turn out that the neighbors above me actually was the one who constantly threw dust after they had sweep their house, for they think it’s just debris of dust. Sometimes, my apartment seems like a small, friendly oasis surrounded by hostile enemies. I never know what side trouble is going to come from next: the landlord, the janitor, or the neighbors. Home may be where the heart is, but my sanity is thinking about moving out.

Comparison of the French and Russian Revoloutions. essays

Comparison of the French and Russian Revoloutions. essays The use of either physical (such as the aggressiveness shown by the Cheka, the Russian secret police) or political force (such as War Communism) was prevalent in both the French (Between May 1789 1795) and Russian (Between February 1917 1924) revolutions. To protect and reinforce the revolutions (which were violent overthrows of the government) leaders of the time believed that force (which is defined as the use of power) was the an option available to secure the revolution. The force used came in different forms such as the Reign of Terror in France, to the Red Terror experienced in the Russian Civil War. Force was seen in many eyes to be the solution to securing the revolution and preventing any counter-revolutions, however it was not the only factor that secured the consolidation of the revolutions. Factors such as the N.E.P (New Economic Policy) implemented by Lenin, contributed to the stability of the revolution, as it was a reform that needed to implemented for the revolution to be a success. During the course of the French and Russian Revolutions the threat of counter-revolutions always loomed. One of the threats of counter-revolutions came from the previous leaders (King Louis XVI and Tsar Nicholas II) creating an uprising to topple the revolution. King Louis XVI attempted to do this in the famous Flight To Varennes, which took place in June 1791; where Louis XVI and his Austrian wife Marie Antoinette attempted to flee France, in order to rebuild their counter-revolutionary forces. However their effort was halted and both were brought back to Paris, and taken prisoner. This showed that the old imperial leader could not be trusted, which eventually led to the death of King Louis XVI, and a major hope of any counter-revolution. It is obvious to see that force, by the death of the past leaders was necessary in order to make sure that they never regained power again, to counter the revolution. After 1792, the ...

Document Based Question on Enlightenment

Document Based Question on Enlightenment Enlightenment affected the world politically and the worlds social systems so strongly that it deserves to be considered one of the top three important "turning points" in all of world history. Enlightenment brought positive influences to society in the late 1700's.Enlightenment has affected the social systems in the branches of justice, modern education, and reference. In the year 1764 the Italian jurist Cesare Beccaria wrote a book called On Crime and Punishments. He questioned the idea of the death penalty in people's minds as if to ask, it is really necessary? John Locke and Jean Rousseau discuss how enlightenment affects modern education. The ideas spread to the minds of children leading to a brighter generation. French philosophers used Enlightenment. The philosopher Voltaire used treatise on tolerance based on religion and war to show Enlightenment to. The original reference of the Encyclopedia, written in 1772, provided the middle class with the information of the new era lea ding to the spread of new thoughts everywhere.Cesare Beccaria (1738 - 1794) was one of the great...This piece of marvelous information provided politicians with the right things to do. One of the political changes it made was to the Russian empire. Empress Catherine II of Russia, was an "Enlightened Despot", meaning she followed the government way of Enlightenment.Enlightenment was not only taken in a positive way but was also taken in any abusive way, since people misunderstand the positive factors of Enlightenment and misinterpreted against it. One misinterpretation of Enlightenment were two 20th century Historians which violated it by stating that the "light" did not light up all of the world or even all the western world.In conclusion, the ideas of Enlightenment took a positive part in everyone's lives. This enabled to people to have a better thought process today, which is used wisely in most circumstances.

The relationship between crude oil prices and gasoline prices Essay

The relationship between crude oil prices and gasoline prices - Essay Example The gas prices in the market influence the way people budget, travel, or the shipping of products into the market. When the prices of this essential product go up, people have to decide what products to buy in the market and what products to forgo. The production cost often influences prices in the market. In the same way, when gasoline prices go up, the production cost of products also shoots (Averdunk, 2010). The factor that influences the above price fluctuation is crude oil prices. Crude oil prices have an influence upon individual spending. An individual has to make a difficult decision in order to scrap what is less important when prices shoot. The effects of the crude oil prices often influence the operation of many companies because these companies depend on products derived from crude oil. It is important to identify the relationship between crude oil price and gasoline prices in the market. Market prices of products derived from crude oil often feel the impact of change in crude oil price. Research indicates that a 15% tumble of crude oil prices leads to 5% drop of the gasoline prices (Swag, 2004). Notably, the gasoline firms would present the same pump prices for the gasoline products. All the oil companies would present the same gasoline prices in the market. This research further indicates that many motorcar owners would face the same influence whenever the crude oil prices go up. Crude oil prices seem to be equal throughout the producing countries. The research also noted that crude oil prices are universal. Thus, the effect of crude oil prices in the market would influence the operation of many activities in different countries. The difference in gasoline prices in the market would result in other cost such as overhead cost. Overhead cost influences the profit that a company would make, thus influencing prices of products of the company. On the other hand, competition that exists among the gasoline companies would influence how the prices of

Australian Criminal Justice System, the Belief in Justice, an Independ Essay

Australian Criminal Justice System, the Belief in Justice, an Independent Judiciary and the Rule of Law - Essay Example For any criminal justice system to be accepted by everyone, it must not discriminate against the people of a certain race, ethnic background or social class. The legal system can only be fair if the necessary procedures that guarantee a fair trial are in place. Similarly, there must be a system of law for the purpose of fairness in the society or simply the Law of Equity. The society will continue to trust the legal system if justice is not only done but perceived to be done. The entire society more so the witnesses and victims should be made aware of steps that are made to ensure that those who are involved in criminal activities are arrested and prosecuted. Furthermore, the public should be able to witness, by the means of the criminal justice system, the law bringing about accountability. The legal system comprises some basic elements of justice which include unbiased judges, jury trials that are just and the provision of security to the witnesses whenever it is called for. The Australian Justice system is based on the belief in justice, an independent judiciary and the rule of law (Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 2008). The people, in disregard of race and whether or not they are citizens, are given similar treatment before the law. The law also safeguards and ensures that the people are given fair treatment by officials and governments. There are some principles which are fundamental to the Australian legal system. These include the separation of powers, judicial precedent and procedural fairness. The Australian jurisprudence is based on the United Kingdom common law system. This law shows a great variation from the other civil law systems operating in Japan, South America and Europe that originated from Roman law (Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 2008). The major feature of the common law is that cases that have been settled previously act as a precedent to the pending  cases.

Accident Victim Interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Accident Victim Interview - Essay Example ample are respiratory disorders that are ailments allied to inhaling lethal biological chemicals, agents, gases, dust, fume or vapors at work(Reese 2008). Others include disorders contracted from poisoning by non standard dilutions of toxic matters in blood, other bodily fluids, other tissues or the inhalation that are triggered by the absorption or ingestion of toxic bodies into the human body. This paper will illustrate an interview with a victim of an occupational illness. On December 20, 2011, about 11:56 p.m., Graham John sustained serious, but non-fatal, injuries to his arms and legs when he was transporting coal. This took place when an eastbound transportation coal train consisting of 2 locomotives and 100 cars laden with coal, unsettled the lead 22 automobiles at signpost 12.9 on the Old Main Line Section in Ellicott City, Maryland. Seven of the 22 tumbled into an open bay area 15 feet beneath track level at the northern side. Other laden coal cars engaged in the derailment upended, dribbling their matter alongside the northern side of the trajectory (Reese 2008). The nature of his injuries with disabling condition included a sprained back, several cuts on some fingers and the arms, and a broken leg. The sprained back and broken leg was a result of the motion impacted when the derailment occurred, while the laceration on the fingers and the arms was due to the broken glasses shattered all round (Reese 2008). Graham’s injuries made him take a leave of absence from work for about two months. During the two months, Graham underwent a rehabilitation process for one month to aid him with the treatment and recovery from the ordeal. Some of the activities he undertook included therapist sessions and exercise sessions for the sprained back and the broken leg (Reese 2008). In conclusion, OSHA has standards that define certain types of accidents that should be reported to OSHA within 8 hours of their occurrence. They include all work fatalities, all cases

Decoding the Jargon Essay Example for Free

Decoding the Jargon Essay Create a booklet which explain the function of hardware components and identify communication between components. The pages should include photographs and diagrams to illustrate the information you include. (P1) Components communication The following diagram shows how components communicate each other’s. CPU Also known as the processor, the CPU is the heart of the computer and has two part: Control Unit The control unit controls the flow of data through the processor. Arithmetic/Logic unit (ALU) The ALU performs mathematical, logical, and decision operations in a computer and is the final processing performed by the processor. RAM A computer can only run a program when it is in memory named RAM (Random Access Memory). List of RAM such as: Double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM), Static Random access memory (SRAM) and Dynamic random access memory (DRAM). Hard drive A HHD is a data storage device that provides storage and retrieving digital information. Serial Storage Architecture (SSA) is a serial transport protocol used to attach disk drives to server computers. A solid-state drive (SSD) it contains no actual disk, it is a data storage device using integrated circuit assemblies as memory to store data. It is more quiet when it runs, more resistant to physical shock, has a lower access time and less latency. Motherboard The motherboard is the main circuit board inside a computer. A number of major hardware components are plugged into it, including the CPU, hard  drive, the BIOS memory and RAM. The most commonly found and used motherboard is ATX motherboard. It is the standard motherboard which suit to any desktop computer. Fan A computer fan is any fan inside, or attached to, a computer case used for active cooling, and may refer to fans that draw cooler air into the case from the outside, expel warm air from inside, or move air across a heat sink to cool a particular component. CPU fan: Use to cool the CPU heat sink. Graphic card Fan: The specific fan to cool down the temperature of graphic card. PSU fan: The power supply unit fan play two rules that cool down the itself and removing the warm air from the case. PSU A power supply unit converts mains AC to low-voltage regulated DC power for internal components of computer. DVD DVD is digital optical disc that can store a large amount of digital data such as text, music, image or video. b. Add a new section to the booklet to explain the purpose of TWO different Operating Systems and compare the features functions of these operating systems. (P2, M1) Window 8 is the latest vision of the Windows operating system, which was developed by Microsoft. It acts as an interface between the hardware and the user. Purpose of Windows 8 The operating system was made for personal, home or business user in the desktop, laptop, tablet and smartphone market. It makes computer easy for users to control. 1. Graphical User interface The windows operating system designed originally to replace MS-DOS, which make the computer interface more user-friendly and allows you to use your mouse to operate. Windows 8 come with a new and unique kind of use interface (UI) called Metro. 2. Accessibility. Windows 8 increase the accessibility which includes features to enable disable people to use the computer more easily, such as: Optimize visual display to allow people to see more cleanly on screen, turn on audio description for people who are blind, adjust the setting of mouse for people are using different hand. 3. Multitasking Windows 8 provided people with the ability to do multitask more easily and steady. The Graphical User Interface makes easier to navigate from different tasks. 4. A Standard Part of windows’ purpose is to create a standard for third-part software developers. All windows programs will feature in a standard format, such as the position of menu options, the way programme opened and closed down. Purpose of DOS DOS known as Disk operating system that allow people to manage the storage devices such as hard disk, solid disk, flash disk or floppy disk. DOS is the basic system that people have to using Command line prompt to communicate with computer via simple interface which is not â€Å"friendly† user interface. The DOS can’t run multitask on computer which can only load one program until it finished. But some of the features still quite useful that people still use it. Such as: 5. CHKDSK 6. GBUPDATE 7. IPCONFIG 8. PING 9. FDISK Comparison of two operating systems We can see there are many different between those two computer operating system which the Windows 8 operating system have a lots of advance features and higher performance that suit to nowadays. The DOS system usually used to be run a specific program which prevents any virus or hacker attack in the solo computer such as sale program, data base in the hospital or council data base. c. In your document explain the purpose of different software utilities which is available. Explain how software utilities can improve the performance of computer systems (P3, D1) Windows 8 Utility Virus Protection The specific program used to prevent viruses, worms and Trojans which attached in the email or website. Every computer need to install an anti-virus software and have upgrade its regular that make sure the computer more securer. Firewall The Firewall is the software that build up to prevent attack from hacker which build a protective barrier in your computer when your computer connect to the network. It controlled which software’s data can thought the network and monitored the data thought the computer. Clean-up Tools The system utility that clean up system’s rubbish to make computer running more steady and smoothly. The list of clean-up content such as: Removal of cookies Internet history Defragmentation Drive formatting Drive formatting that means to delete everything on the drive or partition to install operating system or classify your partition. You can do it from Disk management or using Formatting Command in Command prompt just like type command in the DOS OS. Utility of DOS CHKDSK Checks a disk and repair your data that might lose or corrupt from take off your disk incorrectly or your computer lost electricity when it was running. The CHKDSK help computer more secure and repair the corruption when it detects. Ping is a computer network utility that to test how quickly the host to connect to the server. This utility could help user easier to check the connectivity with network. FDISK is utility software which using on DOS to partitioning disk and manage the partition. The FDISK that formatting your disk completely that not be able to recovery and it the common tool that used in 1990s during now. Scandisk is the command to run disk-repair on the current drive. DEFRAG is Command to reorganizes files on disks to optimize performance. DEBUG is command to run Debug, a program testing and editing tool.

Eulogy for Father :: Eulogies Eulogy

Eulogy for Father We are gathered here to give Dr. Jerome, my dad, a last formal farewell. We celebrate his life with the theme of "Choose Life". For throughout his life, dad consistently chose life. He has the God given virtue of seeing the possibility of life. In many circumstances when many are blind, he sees possibilities for more abundant life. His vision is so clear that it drives him to action. And he is a man of action. He always tells me that his actions are calculated risks. Only after his death have I come to understand what he means by calculated risk. I believe he weighs the possibilities for more abundant life against the personal risks that his actions might incur. For him, the possibilities for life always out-weigh the risks of personal loss or rejection. His vision gives him the desire and courage to act. When he saw the possibility of a greater life in relationship with another, he married my mother, Theresa, in 1938. His vision was correct and resulted in a fruitful life-long relationship that brought forth 5 children. When he discovered that I suffered from asthma, he chose a better live for me by becoming a pediatrician. The result was not only a better life for me but also for his many patients. In 1947, he saw the possibilities for life in the West. So he came over to study in St. Louis. His father, my grandfather, was blind to the possibilities and refused to send him here. But his mother, my grandmother, sold some of her jewelry to pay for his stay here. In 1949, when the Communists are moving to take over the country, he saw the risks to our lives and come back to get us out. For him the risk of Communism was greater than the uncertainties of immigration. We left one week after the Communists captured Shanghai, with expired passports, and on the only ship to visit Shanghai that year. If dad was only one day late, our lives would have been radically different. When he saw that teenagers needed a special kind of medical care, he left his practice here in order to study at Harvard's adolescent unit. He was the first doctor in St. Louis to practice adolescent medicine. He also authored a book on the subject. Later in life, with considerable personal sacrifice, he chose to fight for the life of the unborn, for medical ethics that protected the aged and infirm, for an end to capital punishment, and for other related causes.

Automobile and Roll Cage Analysis Essay

Efficycle 2012 is a national level technical event, whose objective is to bring out the creative and innovative ideas of Engineering students. It aims out at creating a vehicle which is economical and eco-friendly. It also provides us a platform where we are applying the basic engineering skills we had learned. Our task is to design and build a three wheeled vehicle, powered by human and electrical means. The design should be commercially viable as a product and should be attractive to the consumers. It can be driven either alternatively or simultaneously by both mechanical and electrical means. This report details the considerations and processes behind our all-terrain vehicle. INTRODUCTION EFFI-CYCLE 2012 is an intercollegiate design competition for undergraduate students which are aimed at designing and fabricating an energy efficient hybrid human powered three? wheeled electric vehicle. It provides us an opportunity by setting up a trend of using eco? friendly vehicles in India and come up with some innovative designs. We, GREEN RHINOS, consists of 8 undergraduate 3rd year students from Mechanical and Production department of Government College of Technology, Tamil Nadu. The team was keen on utilizing the platform to learn, innovate and implement. The following paper outlines the design and analysis of the Efficycle 2012 – Green Rhinos three wheeled vehicle. DESIGN METHODOLOGY: The designing of the vehicle has been carried after studying the various designs of the fore-mentioned trikes, followed by its advantages and disadvantages. All the design issues were studied and an attempt has been made tosolve them in the present design. Then, the design is subjected to various load conditions at the sides and front with finite element analysis using ANSYS. It was also made sure that the components used where readily available so that without a major modification, we can use it in the manufacturing process. SOFTWARE USED: ?Designing and Assembly of the vehicle:Solidworks-2012 ?Roll cage analysis: ANSYS TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS: ?Frame: IS1239 MS 1’ inch rod ?Welding type: MIG ?Bending: Mechanical type bending ?Brake: Hub brake and Rim brake ?Steering: Rack and Pinion ?Motor: 0. 5 HP , 24V PMDC ?Battery: 12V, 35 am-hr ?Suspension: Spring-arm suspension type ?Drive train: Sprockets and chain ?Controller unit: PWM unit ?Tyres: Cycle tyre 28 inch diameter? SALIENT FEATURES ?Individual suspension system to the front two wheels. ?Rack and pinion steering system. ?IS1239 MS frame ?Seating position – enabling complete view to both drivers. DESIGN SYSTEM The design section is classified as follows: 1. Roll cage design and analysis 2. Drivetrain 3. Steering 4. Suspension 5. Tires 6. Brakes 7. Wheel Assembly 8. Aerodynamics ROLL CAGE DESIGN: ?Roll Cage Model Using Solidworks: Roll cage provides three dimensional stability and safety to the drivers. The roll cage was designed with utmost care to reduce the weight without compromising the safety of driver. The rules for designing the roll cage were carefully revived and the design was made in such a way that each and every member falls within the rules. The material for the rollcage is chosen as IS1239 mild-steel after considering various materials in terms of material strength, its availability and cost. Table showing the list of various available materials: MATERIALYIELD STRENGTH (KSI)MODULUS OF ELASTICITY (KSI)COST PER METER (RS) AISI 101853. 729700600 AISI 102042. 7297002200 IS 123959. 1229700150 AISI 413065. 1297002500 Of all the available materials, the chosen one is IS 1239 MS pipe because of its weight and cost. It weighs around 0. 8 kg per m. Moreover, we had chosen seamless tube manufactured by drawing process, owing to its high strength rather than the pipe manufactured by rolling process. ?Roll cage analysis using ANSYS: Roll cagewas analyzed in the ANSYS software. Cage was analyzed at each and every stage and the extra members were provided in order to reduce the stress concentration. The roll cage is initially meshed and the nodes are found. Final design is tested at 2000N in case of front and side impact which is very sufficient to ensure safety. The cage also passed all other tests and had a good factor of safety. The stress diagrams are given below. Analysis Results: Type of TestForce appliedResult Front impact2000Passed Side impact2000. Passed Roll over2000Passed DRIVETRAIN: The drive transmission is facilitated with the help of chains and sprockets. It is a rear wheel drive vehicle. The transmission is alternatively or simultaneously driven by motor or manual pedaling. Manual drive type: The drive train plays a major key role in every vehicle. In our vehicle, we had used the pedaling system found in boats which is simply attached to the frame with the help of bearings on both sides. At the centre of the crank, a sprocket of 48 teeth had been fitted which is directly connected to the left freewheel, (where threading is done manually) of the rear tyre, providing a simple transmission system as found in ordinary cycles. Electrical drive type: The simpler the electrical drive is, the simpler the manufacturing process goes on. A 0. 5 hp motor mounted under the right side of the seat is connected to the right freewheel of the rear tyre. It is connected with the help of cycles chains and sprockets. Three reduction has been given to the motor. Under the left seat, four 12 v 35 am-hr batteries has mounted and connected in series to provide power to the motor. Further, a PWM circuit controller mode has been installed to the system, so that a efficient way of control is provided with the least losses. STEERING SYSTEM: The main objectives of the steering system are to provide the driver with an accurate, predictable, and reliable method for navigating a vehicle over rough terrain. A small turning radius provides the driver with a responsive and controllable ride. The rack and pinion system is a proven method of steering that is direct and reliable. In addition, the steering system does not interfere with the suspension, allowing for optimal negotiation of off-road conditions. SUPENSION Suspension is the term given to the system of springs, shock absorbers and linkages that connects a vehicle to its wheels. It is the critical part of an automobile which absorbs shocks and vibrations and gives smooth ride. It also control the force transmitted by sprung and unsprung mass. Therefore it becomes important to have very good design of suspension system based on non-linear parameters and design variables. As concerned with our three wheeled vehicle, a spring arm suspension system has been used. Spring arm type shock absorbers are so easily available and has good shock absorbing characterisitics. It is connected directly to the wheels and the frame, providing a jerk-less driving. TYRES: Selecting the tires is one of the most important things as the whole vehicle is in contact with the road on these points. Tyres provide the required traction for the vehicle. We had chosen ordinary three-wheeler tyres and made a modifications over the tyres replacing the central hub of the wheel. Front and back tires Diameter28 inches Width2 inches HUB: BRAKES: Brakes are the frictional devices used to retard the motion of the vehicle. It converts the kinetic energy of the vehicle into heat energy. According to the EFFICYCLE 2012 rules, all the wheels should be locked when braking is applied. While designing the brake system, simplicity was given prime importance and itwas decided to use hub brakes for the front two tyres that are attached over the hub assembly. Then for the rear wheel, rim brake has been given. SEATING ARRANGEMENT: Two seats are arranged parallel aside one another so that the complete view of the roads are clearly visible to both the drivers. Seats have been so arranged so that it provides a good back support. The seats are good designed and readily available in the market. AERODYNAMICS: The shape of the vehicle so designed is such that the aerodynamic mechanism would work better. Fairings had been added to enrich the look and style of the vehicle. ASSEMBLED VIEW OF OUR DESIGN: SUMMARIZED COST REPORT: S. NOSYSTEMCOST 1ROLL CAGE2800 2STEERING5800 3SUSPENSION1000 4DRIVE TRAIN20000 5WHEELS3500 6BRAKES800 7OTHERS2000 TOTAL37000 PROJECT PLAN: Sl noDateDescription 14-8-12 to 8-8-12 Discussion about the efficycle and analysing about the problems on the fabrication of our model and making plan and scheduling according to the problem. 29-8-12 To 16-8-12 Selection of the material 317-8-12 To 20-8-12Market research 527-8-12 To 4-9-12 Fabrication of Roll cage 65-9-12 To 10-9-12Steering, suspension and wheel work 711-9-12 To 20-9-12 Drive chain work 825-9-12 To 27-9-12 Electronic work on motor, battery and controller unit. CONCLUSION: Our cycle has been designed so that it meets all the needs of the consumers. The roll cage has been designed completely for the safety factor and it provides ultimated safety for the riders. Efficient braking system had been installed. Simple steering system.

A Black Man’s Tribute to His White Mother Essay

James McBride, has a personal element in its origin that is carried throughout the text. The author attempted to discern his race, and uncovered the touching story of his Jewish mother who experienced her own personal Diaspora: she immigrated from Poland to Virginia, and from Virginia to New York City. The latter move took much courage, because she had to abandon both her faith and her family in order to follow her heart, ultimately marrying the titular black man and founding a lasting family. The aforementioned personal element really helps carry the narrative forward: James McBride wishes to tell his own story, but realizes that he cannot tell his own without telling his mother’s. Intentionally or not, this works quite well on a meta-textual level, as it reinforces how tightly tethered his family is to one another, which serves as an extreme counterpoint to her other family (indeed, her other life) that she left behind in Virginia. See more: Homelessness as a social problem Essay The work also serves to broker a much-needed (then, as much as now) discussion regarding racial division within America. A neutral observer might view the subtitle of the work and ask why race is so important to the narrative; as McBride illustrates, one cannot discuss this particular tale of immigration, life, and success in the context of America without discussing the racism that permeated the country†¦how, even in the shadow of civil rights triumphs, many saw race as an excuse to divide, as opposed to an opportunity to come together. Despite the rather serious premise, the book ultimately comes across as more uplifting than depressing. The memoirs of times when race relations are so bad also serve to make one grateful that present day America is much more tolerable regarding matters of race (though not, of course, perfect). McBride cleverly embeds this idea in the very title of his work, implying that the color of water—transparent clarity—can only come through a mixture of race as opposed to segregation. The notion of reconciliation within the work is not limited to matters of race: the epilogue of the story features McBride becoming more in touch with his Jewish heritage, effectively bringing the journey of his mother full circle: as she had to leave Judaism behind in order to forge a new life and a new identity, James McBride has to re-discover it as a way of determining his own identity. Throughout the work, there is an undercurrent of the importance of education. The text emphasizes that all twelve of Ruth McBride’s children become college-educated, and readers feel every bump along the way as she tries to get them through college. However, even while reading about these economic difficulties (a relatively touchy subject in the shadow of near economic collapse), readers are offered a glimpse of hope: the work alternates chapters written by James and chapters written by his mother, so even as the narrative makes one concerned for how the children will turn out, the gripping narrative of James reminds audiences that they will turn out just fine. In a way, that is the pattern of this book: tension and release, tension and release†¦the tension of Ruth’s struggle with her old family, and the release of the success with her new family. There is the tension of financial hardships and the release of financial success. And in a story that is essentially about the American dream, tension comes from the possibility that America may not be ready for Ruth’s dream. In turn, the release is the joy of Ruth not settling for the American dream: rather, she creates and actualizes her own. The Gentle People: A Portrait of the Amish by James Warner provides an intimate look into a group that is still a mystery to many Americans: the Amish. True to its word, the book is primarily comprised of photographs of the Amish that are artificially made to look like washed-out, â€Å"antique† photos. These are usually accompanied by a biblical verse, so one is able to more properly get into the Amish mindset. The old versus combined with the old-timey feel of the photographs really gives a feeling that one has become â€Å"unstuck in time,† as Vonnegut might say. Would-be sociologists will find this book to be a treasure trove of information regarding Amish society, particularly regarding relationships. According to the book, public affection between married individuals is highly frowned upon by Amish society, as their affection for one another is too sacred to be shared with outsiders. As should not be surprising, many of the ideas are founded in Christian writings and have been espoused by Christian writers, though the Amish take things to their logical extreme: John Donne, for instance, counseled lovers not to weep at their beloved’s funeral, because the affection was too valuable to share with outsiders. The Amish have taken Donne’s advice about love after death and have applied it to love during life, which can be something of a shock when one first reads about it. Of course, modern day feminists will find much within the book that is upsetting to their cause. The Amish have taken Ephesians to heart, and strictly expect wives to submit to their husbands in all matters. There are even limits to how much children can be exposed to the school system, with the assumption that only God can provide wisdom, and everything else is foolishness. While these are basic precepts for Mormons and taken for granted in their society, it is jarring for onlookers (particularly liberal onlookers) to first see the number of restrictions that are placed on people and expressions. Fortunately, the author has a built in ethos: James Warner was born to a Mennonite household, so he has quite a bit of background regarding this issue. However, that is what makes the book disappointing on several levels: it does not concern itself with any deep revelations about Amish history, and does not serve well as an introduction to the Amish lifestyle simply because no historical context is offered. The book and its photos are put forth as a kind of â€Å"slice of life† view of the Amish†¦however, considering that it was first printed over four decades ago (and was arguably offering out-of-date content even back then), the work struggles to find a proper audience in the modern day. After all, it is not a book for the Amish: its pictures and passages are simply redundant for them, and more conservative Amish may even consider its author something of a traitor†¦a man who abandoned their private lifestyle, only to make a profit by publically invading that privacy. The book is also not intended for those wanting to fully learn about the Amish: as elaborated on above, it does not delve into their history, and offers no context for the actions taken by the Amish. The ideal audience for this book, interestingly enough, would be modern photography buffs: the pictures are quite striking, and the measures taken to make them seem more ancient than they are may very well offer the aspiring photographer new tricks for his or her toolbox. For everyone else? There are far better books about the Amish, especially for those who wish to know their full story.

Benefits of an empire

Benefits of an empire Benefits of an empire.An unified empire provide stability to the people. This could be traced back to 221 BC where China was unified into empire called the Qin dynasty.The main reason is that chances of potential wars to be fought will be lesser and not that it implies there is no war whatsoever. Qin Shi Huang helped to remove this potential wars by unifying many states into one, by having an established centralized empire. Therefore, eliminate these states attacking one another.The second reason is establishes a centralized system of government. This will enable a stable economy and highly structured political system. This will mean that the country will function like a large free trade zone within the empire. Where people can import and export without the worry of taxes being imposed on them, when entering city-states. Implementation of rules and laws will be simpler as it will be standardized throughout the land.English: Qin Shi Huang tours Ð  Ã'Æ'Ã' Ã' Ã ºÃ ¸Ã ¹: КÐ °Ã¯ ¿ ½...By having an empire, means having a common identity. Hence, war can be avoided; laws will be standardized and form a free trade zone.Potential wars to be fought will be lesser meaning no chance or war occurringQin Shi Huang helped to remove this potential wars by unifying many states into one,Eliminate these states attacking one another.Centralized system of government.This will enable a stable economy and highly structured political system.Free trade zoneImport and export without the worry of taxes being imposed on them, when entering city-states.Implementation of rules and laws will be simpler as it will be standardized throughout the land.

Emotional Intelligence And The Effect It Has On Your Career

Emotional Intelligence And The Effect It Has On Your Career Emotional intelligence or (EQ) is becoming a must have in the work force. Emotional intelligence is being able to understand and manage your emotions as well as understand the emotions of others. EQ has become a key when it comes to success in the work place. People with higher emotional intelligence tend to manage stress better and collaborate well with others. Many famous CEOs that have high emotional intelligence include Jeff Bezos CEO of Amazon, Warren Buffett CEO of Berkshire Hathaway, and Indra Nooyi CEO of Pepsi. There are many benefits of having employees with high emotional intelligence in the company such as higher performance and profitability. Here’s a great guide to understanding what is emotional intelligence and how it can be beneficial in the workplace.Source [BrightonSBM]

Example Problem of Mass Relations in Balanced Equations

Example Problem of Mass Relations in Balanced Equations A mass relation refers to the ratio of the mass of reactants and products to each other. In a balanced chemical equation, you can use the mole ratio to solve for mass in grams. You can use an equation to learn how to find the mass of a compound, provided you know the quantity of any participant in the reaction. Mass Balance Problem The balanced equation for the synthesis of ammonia is 3 H2(g) N2(g) → 2 NH3(g). Calculate: The mass in grams of NH3 formed from the reaction of 64.0 g of N2The mass in grams of N2 required for form 1.00 kg of NH3 Solution: From the balanced equation, it is known that: 1 mol N2 ∠ 2 mol NH3 Use the periodic table to look at the atomic weights of the elements and calculate the weights of the reactants and products: 1 mol of N2 2(14.0 g) 28.0 g 1 mol of NH3 is 14.0 g 3(1.0 g) 17.0 g These relations can be combined to give the conversion factors needed to calculate the mass in grams of NH3 formed from 64.0 g of N2: Mass NH3 64.0 g N2 x 1 mol N2/28.0 g NH2 x 2 mol NH3/1mol NH3 x 17.0 g NH3/1 mol NH3 Mass NH3 77.7 g NH3 To obtain the answer to the second part of the problem, the same conversions are used in a series of three steps: (1) grams NH3 → moles NH3 (1 mol NH3 17.0 g NH3)(2) moles NH3 → moles N2 (1 mol N2 ∠ 2 mol NH3)(3) moles N2 → grams N2 (1 mol N2 28.0 g N2) Mass N2 1.00 x 103 g NH3 x 1 mol NH3/17.0 g NH3 x 1 mol N2/2 mol NH3 x 28.0 g N2/1 mol N2 Mass N2 824 g N2 Answer: mass NH3 77.7 g NH3mass N2 824 g N2 How to Calculate Grams With a Balanced Equation If youre having trouble getting the correct answer for this type of problem, check the following: Make certain the chemical equation is balanced. If youre working from an unbalanced equation, the very first step is balancing it.Check to make sure youre converting between grams and moles correctly.You may be solving the problem correctly, but getting the wrong answer because you didnt work with the correct number of significant figures throughout the process. Its good practice using the atomic masses for the elements with the same number of significant figures as youre given in your problem. Usually, this is three or four significant figures. Using the wrong value can throw you off on the last decimal point, which will give you the wrong answer if youre entering it into a computer.Pay attention to the subscripts.  For example, the grams to mole conversion for nitrogen gas (two nitrogen atoms) is different than if you had a single nitrogen atom.

The UK Banking System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The UK Banking System - Essay Example Many of these do not have a physical presence in the UK but can accept deposits on a cross-border basis. Assets and liabilities of the UK banking sector reached 4,165bn at the end of 2003, nearly three times the 1993 total. Although their share decreased somewhat during the past decade, foreign banks still held over half of UK banking sector assets in 2003. European banks accounted for nearly a half of this, followed by US and Japanese banks (Delta Quest Network, 2005). Bank of England is responsible for maintaining overall stability of the financial system as a whole. Since its responsibilities for supervising individual banks were transferred to the FSA, the financial stability role of the Bank has been to focus on identifying and limiting systemic financial risk. This involves close monitoring of the financial system infrastructure, particularly payments systems. The Bank also monitors economic and financial market developments, as part of an overview of the system as a whole. Now-a-days, the main focus of most of the banks is on risk management primarily on reputational, regulatory, operational and strategic risk, as well as the more traditional credit and market dimensions of risk. There are a number of factors responsible for this increased focus. The major of them are globalization, the relatively favourable economic environment - such that the UK banking sector has made record profits again this year, it remains highly capitalised and asset quality remains strong; the reputational impact that high profile regulatory issues are seen to have had - on both the retail and wholesale side - and the shift in the regulator's focus towards governance and control issues; and the unprecedented volume of regulatory change (Hale, 2004). Both the UK and world economy are continuously gaining advantage from a sustained period of consistent growth. The banks have benefited from the economic health, producing a strong financial performance over the last few years and in the first half of 2004. They remain well -capitalized and there are no signs of any serious deterioration in asset quality. Yet, the risk of macroeconomic outlook continues to exist. The move to slightly higher interest rates is the first aspect to be considered. To state the obvious, higher interest rates will increase the cost and reduce the affordability of both the stock of consumer lending and new loans. Although the monetary authorities both in the UK and abroad are managing the turn in the interest rate cycle with great care, regulators are required to acknowledge the risk that the shift to a more moderate rate of growth in consumer borrowing may not be universally smooth (Hale, 2004). Secondly, the decline in lending margins. A long period of strong personal sector credit quality, coupled with strong competition for lending business, has helped squeeze margins to historically low levels. The effects of this on the bottom line have been disguised by strong volume growth. There are two downside risks for the banking sector in the UK as felt by the FSA. The first is that, the period of strong volume growth may be coming to an end. The second is that a downturn could expose banks as having under- priced risk through the cycle. The Northern Rock Crisis Northern Rock is

The Secret History of Forced Sterilization and America's Quest for Essay

The Secret History of Forced Sterilization and America's Quest for Racial Purity - Essay Example There was little history of the eugenics that was known to the people, thus Harry Bruinius extracted the history and wrote about it in his book with the emphasis on the forced sterilization that was approved and lead to thousands of Americans to be deprived of producing. Whether the policy was justified or not, yet Bruinius discusses the impact and the reasons behind sterilization. He talks about the cases that were brought to court and the decisions that were taken for the sterilization, in order to quest for America’s racial purity. He talks about two women in the history who were poor and who had to face the consequences of sterilization. Harry Bruinius’ book was an analysis of how the people at that time accepted this contribution of science as the national policy where it was a quest for America’s moral and social purity. He laid arguments about how the lives of women have been changed just because they were poor or unfit. His book is a descriptive writing a bout the woman who is associated with this policy and was used by the state medical authorities as a test case to bring to the court their program. Analysts have discussed that at times the way Harry Bruinius has written the detailed case is prolonged and gets into deep details like the events that leads up to her sterilization, the mental level of the victim, the recreation of the event, and also involves the technique that has been applied by the scientists to create the theories that lead to the eugenics movement. As written by Bruinius, â€Å"this book is an account of scientists who shared this dream in the past, and the ‘worthless’ class they sought to sterilize†. Despite the detailed descriptions in the book and the moralizing of the connections or relations of American eugenics with the Nazi Germany, the author has managed to keep his point of view in front of the readers in a very critical manner. His arguments are justified and clearly connect the eugen ics to the people, the state and to the rest of the world. The author is successful as his writing is influential and effective for the readers, and greatly helps to bring out the policies and events that took place at the time of the eugenic movement. His real purpose of the book stands out to reach to the readers and reveal to them the history that he believed was a secret, though it was not. However, the history and the events that took place were little known and Harry Bruinius has tried through his writing to give the information to a wide range of readers. He says, â€Å"After a century in which humankind has probed the mysteries of heredity and discovered some of the secrets of the human genome, the specter of better breeding and eugenics still attracts a host of people who long to remake their imperfect selves and breed a better type of human being†. The eugenics movement was founded by the core ideas of Charles Darwin. It started when socialists started realizing tha t the life of many humans is defected and many hold problems that come from their genes. Sociologists found that the improvement of human race can take place with the scientific control on breeding. The first eugenics movement in America was found by many of the new-world wee known biologists in the country. Supporting this group were a number of names that continued to get involved in the movement to improve the

Teenage Abortion Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Teenage Abortion - Research Paper Example In olden days, ancient people used natural abortion practices when cases involving health complications and emotional immaturity to save a mother’s life (Soranau’s Gynecology) (Bull.  Acad.  Natl.  Med.  171  (8):1027–32). In 21st century, with the increasing urbanization and industrialization, the number of girls, who visit the clinic for abortion, is extremely high. According to the National Abortion Organization, nearly one million teenagers become pregnant each year and 78 percent of these teenage pregnancies are unintended. A practice, which is used to save a mother’s life on olden days, is now became big concern as teenagers started thronging into the clinics because of unwanted pregnancies. There are several reasons behind girls choosing abortion. It is the responsibility of all educated to empower teenage girls to stay away from the activities that helps unwanted pregnancies. As teenagers who are carrying an unwanted pregnancy are visitin g clinics without any parental notification for abortion, empowering teenagers regarding the implications of unwanted pregnancy will prevent teenage abortions. Teen Abortion has always been most controversial subject in nature. I feel, this is attributable to the well known fact that majority of the people have got different set of beliefs that are inherited from the religion and society. Some people say teenage abortion is wrong but some enunciate it is right under some circumstances. As per the statistics of National Abortion Federation, 80 out of 100 Americans have sex before 20 years of age. The average age of a girl, who loses her virginity is around 17 years. This is the main reason behind the teen abortions in America. There are a very few cases where girls under 15 years of age become pregnant due to forceful sex and they will not have any option but to choose abortion. Teen abortion was legal in all states before 1991. The law in a

Counseling a adolescent girl (theories of counseling) Essay

Counseling a adolescent girl (theories of counseling) - Essay Example , emotional and social environment while therapy based on Bowen’s theories draws its conclusions and therapeutic energy from the family of the client. By declaring that â€Å"only intelligence †¦.tends towards an all-embracing equilibrium† in human life, Jean Peaget had been one of the pioneers of cognitive behavioral theory (9). Kendall has described cognitive behavioral theory as â€Å"problem solving in its orientation, deals directly with the cognitive forces that impact social information processing, incorporates emotional and social domains, addresses matters associated with parenting and families, and emphasizes performance-based interventions† (4). The ability to identify a problem and arrive at possible solutions is a skill that a child has to acquire as she grows up (Kendall, 4). The psychological health of a growing child depends heavily on cognitive problem solving strategies, that is, her capacity to consider the full range of solutions, evaluate them properly and choose the best one applicable in a given situation (Kendall, 4). Cognitive behavioral theory, in its application, aims at enhancing the cognitive problem-solving strategies in the mind of a person (Kendall, 4). As the emotions of a person always meddles with the problem-solving process, this theory also helps one learn to understand one’s emotional experiences and modify them (Southam-Gerow and Kendall, 320). Social domain is included as another major factor in this theory because any psychological problem that arises out of the interaction of an individual with other individuals as well as the society as a whole (Kendall, 5). When it comes to a child or adolescent, naturally the parents and family become yet another influencing factor. Last but not least, the child or the adolescent has to be constantly encouraged to practice their problem-solving skills so as to strengthen their cognitive problem-solving strategies (Kendall, 6). While doing a cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), the